PMID- 21093285
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110422
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1096-0023 (Electronic)
IS  - 1043-4666 (Print)
IS  - 1043-4666 (Linking)
VI  - 53
IP  - 2
DP  - 2011 Feb
TI  - Mathematical relationship between cytokine concentrations and pathogen levels 
      during infection.
PG  - 158-62
LID - 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.09.008 [doi]
AB  - The relationship between concentrations of cytokines and microbial pathogen 
      levels during infection is not clear. In a sub-lethal murine infection model 
      using Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the serum 
      concentrations (C) of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), 
      interferon gamma (IFNgamma), interleukine-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukine-18 (IL-18) formed a 
      mathematical relationship with the splenic pathogen levels (P) as measured by 
      colony forming unit. Naming parameters "m" and "k" for magnitude and kinetics, 
      respectively, the relationship is depicted as C=mP(k). When reanalyzing the TNFalpha 
      and IFNgamma concentrations and the bacterial levels that were determined by other 
      groups during infection with another strain of Y. pseudotuberculosis or with 
      Yersinia pestis, this relationship was maintained. Interestingly, the changes in 
      the values of "m" and "k" were consistent with the progress of the host immune 
      response during infection; while deviation from this relationship was observed in 
      individuals that seemed to be unable to control infection. Furthermore, in a 
      murine model of ricin intoxication the local concentrations of the cytokine 
      monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and the concentrations of injected castor 
      bean toxin ricin also conform to this relationship. C=mP(k) could be a general 
      relationship in host cytokine response to pathogens or pathogen-associated 
      molecular patterns. If confirmed, this type of analysis will be very useful in 
      identifying the steps in a host immune response with which a pathogen interferes. 
      It will also help to determine the specific functions of a host factor in the 
      immune response.
CI  - Copyright A(c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zhang, Yue
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Genetics and 
      Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5120, USA. 
      yzhang@ms.cc.sunysb.edu
FAU - Bliska, James B
AU  - Bliska JB
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI043389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI043389-10/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R56 AI043389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AI043389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20101118
PL  - England
TA  - Cytokine
JT  - Cytokine
JID - 9005353
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL2)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 9009-86-3 (Ricin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Load/drug effects
MH  - Chemokine CCL2/blood
MH  - Colony Count, Microbial
MH  - Cytokines/*blood
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - *Models, Immunological
MH  - Ricin/toxicity
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
MH  - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/drug effects/*growth & development
MH  - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/*blood/*microbiology
PMC - PMC3053065
MID - NIHMS244896
EDAT- 2010/11/26 06:00
MHDA- 2011/04/26 06:00
PMCR- 2012/02/01
CRDT- 2010/11/25 06:00
PHST- 2009/10/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/06/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2010/09/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/11/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/11/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/04/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1043-4666(10)00690-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.09.008 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cytokine. 2011 Feb;53(2):158-62. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.09.008. Epub 2010 Nov 
      18.