PMID- 21104204
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110316
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 2
DP  - 2011 Feb
TI  - Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) as new Stockholm Convention POPs--a global 
      perspective on the management of Lindane and its waste isomers.
PG  - 152-62
LID - 10.1007/s11356-010-0417-9 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (alpha-, beta- and gamma- (Lindane)) were 
      recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm 
      Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a 
      contemporary topic of global relevance. This article wants to briefly summarise 
      the outcomes of the Stockholm Convention process and make an estimation of the 
      amount of HCH waste generated and dumped in the former Lindane/HCH-producing 
      countries. RESULTS: In a preliminary assessment, the countries and the respective 
      amount of HCH residues stored and deposited from Lindane production are 
      estimated. Between 4 and 7 million tones of wastes of toxic, persistent and 
      bioaccumulative residues (largely consisting of alpha- (approx. 80%) and 
      beta-HCH) are estimated to have been produced and discarded around the globe 
      during 60 years of Lindane production. For approximately 1.9 million tones, 
      information is available regarding deposition. Countries are: Austria, Brazil, 
      China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Macedonia, 
      Nigeria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, The 
      Netherlands, UK, USA, and former USSR. The paper highlights the environmental 
      relevance of deposited HCH wastes and the related POPs' contaminated sites and 
      provides suggestions for further steps to address the challenge of the legacy of 
      HCH/Lindane production. CONCLUSION: It can be expected that most locations where 
      HCH waste was discarded/stockpiled are not secured and that critical 
      environmental impacts are resulting from leaching and volatilization. As parties 
      to the Stockholm Convention are legally required to take action to stop further 
      POPs pollution, identification and evaluation of such sites are necessary.
FAU - Vijgen, John
AU  - Vijgen J
AD  - International HCH and Pesticides Association (IHPA), Elmevej 14, Holte 2840, 
      Denmark.
FAU - Abhilash, P C
AU  - Abhilash PC
FAU - Li, Yi Fan
AU  - Li YF
FAU - Lal, Rup
AU  - Lal R
FAU - Forter, Martin
AU  - Forter M
FAU - Torres, Joao
AU  - Torres J
FAU - Singh, Nandita
AU  - Singh N
FAU - Yunus, Mohammad
AU  - Yunus M
FAU - Tian, Chongguo
AU  - Tian C
FAU - Schaffer, Andreas
AU  - Schaffer A
FAU - Weber, Roland
AU  - Weber R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20101122
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Industrial Waste)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 59NEE7PCAB (Hexachlorocyclohexane)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants/supply & distribution/toxicity
MH  - Environmental Pollution/statistics & numerical data
MH  - *Hexachlorocyclohexane/analogs & derivatives/supply & distribution/toxicity
MH  - Humans
MH  - Industrial Waste/adverse effects
MH  - *Internationality
MH  - *Pesticide Residues/adverse effects/supply & distribution
MH  - *Pesticides/supply & distribution/toxicity
MH  - Waste Management/*methods
EDAT- 2010/11/26 06:00
MHDA- 2011/03/17 06:00
CRDT- 2010/11/25 06:00
PHST- 2010/05/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/11/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/11/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/11/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/03/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-010-0417-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2011 Feb;18(2):152-62. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-010-0417-9. Epub 2010 Nov 22.