PMID- 21120121
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110324
LR  - 20240511
IS  - 0161-8105 (Print)
IS  - 1550-9109 (Electronic)
IS  - 0161-8105 (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 12
DP  - 2010 Dec
TI  - Functional neuroimaging insights into the physiology of human sleep.
PG  - 1589-603
AB  - Functional brain imaging has been used in humans to noninvasively investigate the 
      neural mechanisms underlying the generation of sleep stages. On the one hand, REM 
      sleep has been associated with the activation of the pons, thalamus, limbic 
      areas, and temporo-occipital cortices, and the deactivation of prefrontal areas, 
      in line with theories of REM sleep generation and dreaming properties. On the 
      other hand, during non-REM (NREM) sleep, decreases in brain activity have been 
      consistently found in the brainstem, thalamus, and in several cortical areas 
      including the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), in agreement with a homeostatic 
      need for brain energy recovery. Benefiting from a better temporal resolution, 
      more recent studies have characterized the brain activations related to phasic 
      events within specific sleep stages. In particular, they have demonstrated that 
      NREM sleep oscillations (spindles and slow waves) are indeed associated with 
      increases in brain activity in specific subcortical and cortical areas involved 
      in the generation or modulation of these waves. These data highlight that, even 
      during NREM sleep, brain activity is increased, yet regionally specific and 
      transient. Besides refining the understanding of sleep mechanisms, functional 
      brain imaging has also advanced the description of the functional properties of 
      sleep. For instance, it has been shown that the sleeping brain is still able to 
      process external information and even detect the pertinence of its content. The 
      relationship between sleep and memory has also been refined using neuroimaging, 
      demonstrating post-learning reactivation during sleep, as well as the 
      reorganization of memory representation on the systems level, sometimes with 
      long-lasting effects on subsequent memory performance. Further imaging studies 
      should focus on clarifying the role of specific sleep patterns for the processing 
      of external stimuli, as well as the consolidation of freshly encoded information 
      during sleep.
FAU - Dang-Vu, Thien Thanh
AU  - Dang-Vu TT
AD  - Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liege, and Department of Neurology, 
      Liege University Hospital, Liege, Belgium. tt.dangvu@ulg.ac.be
FAU - Schabus, Manuel
AU  - Schabus M
FAU - Desseilles, Martin
AU  - Desseilles M
FAU - Sterpenich, Virginie
AU  - Sterpenich V
FAU - Bonjean, Maxime
AU  - Bonjean M
FAU - Maquet, Pierre
AU  - Maquet P
LA  - eng
GR  - J 2470/FWF_/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria
GR  - R01 EB009282/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01EB009282/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Sleep
JT  - Sleep
JID - 7809084
SB  - IM
MH  - Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology
MH  - Electroencephalography
MH  - Humans
MH  - Learning/physiology
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Memory/physiology
MH  - Positron-Emission Tomography
MH  - Sleep/*physiology
MH  - Wakefulness/*physiology
PMC - PMC2982729
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - EEG
OT  - PET
OT  - REM sleep
OT  - Sleep
OT  - delta wave
OT  - fMRI
OT  - memory
OT  - neuroimaging
OT  - non-REM sleep
OT  - sensory processing
OT  - slow oscillation
OT  - spindle
EDAT- 2010/12/02 06:00
MHDA- 2011/03/25 06:00
PMCR- 2011/06/01
CRDT- 2010/12/02 06:00
PHST- 2010/12/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/12/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/03/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1093/sleep/33.12.1589 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sleep. 2010 Dec;33(12):1589-603. doi: 10.1093/sleep/33.12.1589.