PMID- 21146223
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110708
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1549-4713 (Electronic)
IS  - 0161-6420 (Linking)
VI  - 118
IP  - 5
DP  - 2011 May
TI  - Relationship of smoking and cardiovascular risk factors with polypoidal choroidal 
      vasculopathy and age-related macular degeneration in Chinese persons.
PG  - 846-52
LID - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.09.026 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) has been described as a distinct 
      clinical entity from choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related 
      macular degeneration (AMD). The present study aimed to determine risk factors for 
      PCV and to compare associations with those for CNV secondary to AMD. DESIGN: 
      Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: Patients of Chinese ethnicity with clinically 
      and angiographically diagnosed PCV (n = 123) or CNV secondary to AMD (n = 128) 
      were recruited from a tertiary eye hospital in Singapore. Controls without signs 
      of PCV, CNV secondary to AMD, or other retinal pathologic features (n = 1489) 
      were selected from a population-based study. METHODS: Patients underwent an 
      ophthalmologic examination including digital color fundus photography, 
      stereoscopic fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography 
      (ICGA). Classification into PCV or CNV secondary to AMD was based on FA and ICGA 
      findings. Risk factors were determined from a standardized interview, with blood 
      pressure recorded using a digital automatic blood pressure monitor. MAIN OUTCOME 
      MEASURES: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy or CNV secondary to AMD. RESULTS: 
      Persons who smoked were more likely to have PCV (39.9% vs. 13.4%) or CNV 
      secondary to AMD (45.0% vs. 12.3%) than those who did not smoke. After 
      controlling for age, gender, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension, 
      persons who smoked were 4 times more likely to have PCV (odds ratio [OR], 4.4; 
      95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-7.7; P<0.001) and CNV secondary to AMD (OR, 
      4.9; 95% CI, 2.7-8.8; P<0.001). A significant, negative association also was 
      found between diastolic blood pressure and CNV secondary to AMD (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 
      0.5-0.9; P = 0.017, adjusted for age, gender, smoking, diabetes, and 
      hypercholesterolemia), but diastolic blood pressure was not associated with PCV. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Smoking but not other vascular risk factors is significantly 
      associated with both PCV and CNV secondary to AMD in Chinese persons. The 
      similarity of associations suggests that there may be common risk factors and 
      pathological mechanisms.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. 
      All rights reserved.
FAU - Cackett, Peter
AU  - Cackett P
AD  - Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
FAU - Yeo, Ian
AU  - Yeo I
FAU - Cheung, Chui Ming Gemmy
AU  - Cheung CM
FAU - Vithana, Eranga N
AU  - Vithana EN
FAU - Wong, Doric
AU  - Wong D
FAU - Tay, Wan Ting
AU  - Tay WT
FAU - Tai, E Shyong
AU  - Tai ES
FAU - Aung, Tin
AU  - Aung T
FAU - Wong, Tien Y
AU  - Wong TY
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20101213
PL  - United States
TA  - Ophthalmology
JT  - Ophthalmology
JID - 7802443
RN  - IX6J1063HV (Indocyanine Green)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Asian People/*ethnology
MH  - Blood Pressure
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/*ethnology
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Choroid/*blood supply
MH  - Choroidal Neovascularization/*ethnology/etiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Fluorescein Angiography
MH  - Humans
MH  - Indocyanine Green
MH  - Macular Degeneration/complications/*ethnology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - Peripheral Vascular Diseases/*ethnology/etiology
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Singapore/epidemiology
MH  - Smoking/*ethnology
EDAT- 2010/12/15 06:00
MHDA- 2011/07/09 06:00
CRDT- 2010/12/15 06:00
PHST- 2009/10/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/09/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2010/09/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/12/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/12/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/07/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0161-6420(10)01037-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.09.026 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ophthalmology. 2011 May;118(5):846-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.09.026. Epub 
      2010 Dec 13.