PMID- 21172674
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110602
LR  - 20101221
IS  - 1526-0550 (Electronic)
IS  - 1526-0542 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 1
DP  - 2011 Mar
TI  - TB and HIV in children - advances in prevention and management.
PG  - 39-45
LID - 10.1016/j.prrv.2010.09.002 [doi]
AB  - The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has had a major impact on the age 
      and gender profile of adult tuberculosis (TB) patients, resulting in increased 
      exposure of HIV-infected and uninfected children at a very young age. Young 
      and/or HIV-infected children are extremely vulnerable to develop severe forms of 
      TB following recent exposure and infection. There is an urgent need to implement 
      safe and pragmatic strategies to prevent TB in children, especially in TB endemic 
      areas where they suffer the greatest burden of disease. The management of TB in 
      HIV-infected children poses multiple challenges, but recent advances in the 
      implementation of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) strategies 
      and HIV care of infants offer hope. These include HIV testing and access to PMTCT 
      for all pregnant women, routine testing of all HIV exposed infants and rapid 
      initiation of antiretroviral treatment irrespective of clinical or immunological 
      disease staging. In addition, careful scrutiny for TB exposure should occur at 
      every health care visit, with provision of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) 
      following each documented exposure event. Knowing the HIV infection status of 
      child TB suspects is essential to optimize case management. Although multiple 
      difficulties remain, recent advances demonstrate that the management of children 
      with TB and/or HIV can be vastly improved by well focused interventions using 
      readily available resources.
CI  - 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Marais, B J
AU  - Marais BJ
AD  - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, 
      Stellenbosch University, South Africa. bjmarais@sun.ac.za
FAU - Rabie, H
AU  - Rabie H
FAU - Cotton, M F
AU  - Cotton MF
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20101018
PL  - England
TA  - Paediatr Respir Rev
JT  - Paediatric respiratory reviews
JID - 100898941
RN  - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - HIV Infections/complications/diagnosis/*prevention & control
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Male
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis/etiology/*prevention & control
MH  - Tuberculosis/complications/diagnosis/*prevention & control
EDAT- 2010/12/22 06:00
MHDA- 2011/06/03 06:00
CRDT- 2010/12/22 06:00
PHST- 2010/12/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/12/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/06/03 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1526-0542(10)00070-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.prrv.2010.09.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Paediatr Respir Rev. 2011 Mar;12(1):39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2010.09.002. Epub 
      2010 Oct 18.