PMID- 21178000
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110722
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1522-1598 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-3077 (Print)
IS  - 0022-3077 (Linking)
VI  - 105
IP  - 3
DP  - 2011 Mar
TI  - A novel path for rapid transverse communication of vestibular signals in turtle 
      cerebellum.
PG  - 1071-88
LID - 10.1152/jn.00986.2009 [doi]
AB  - Voltage-sensitive dye activity within the thin, unfoliated turtle cerebellar 
      cortex (Cb) was recorded in vitro during eighth cranial nerve (nVIII) 
      stimulation. Short latency responses were localized to the middle of the lateral 
      edges of both ipsilateral and contralateral Cb [vestibulocerebellum (vCb)]. Even 
      with a severed contralateral Cb peduncle, stimulation of the nVIII ipsilateral to 
      the intact peduncle evoked contralateral vCb responses with a mean latency of 
      only 0.25 ms after the ipsilateral responses, even though the distance between 
      them was  approximately  5 mm. We investigated whether a rapidly conducting commissure exists 
      between each vCb by stimulating one of them directly. Responses in both vCb 
      spread sagittally, but, surprisingly, there was no sequential activation along a 
      transverse Cb beam between them. In contrast, stimulation medial to either vCb 
      evoked transverse beams that required  approximately  20 ms to cross the Cb. Therefore, the 
      rapid commissural connection between each vCb is not mediated by slowly 
      conducting parallel fibers. Also, the vCb was not strongly activated by climbing 
      fiber stimulation, suggesting that inputs to vCb involve distinct cerebellar 
      circuits. Responses between the two vCb remained following knife cuts through the 
      rostral and caudal Cb along the midline, through both peduncles, and even shallow 
      midline cuts to the middle Cb through its white matter and granule cell layer. 
      Commissural responses were still observed only with a narrow transverse bridge 
      between each vCb or in thick transverse Cb slices. Horseradish peroxidase 
      transport from one vCb labeled transverse axons traveling within the Purkinje 
      cell layer that were larger than parallel fibers and lacked varicosities. In 
      sagittal sections, cross-section profiles of myelinated axons were observed 
      around Purkinje cells midway between the rostral and caudal Cb. This novel 
      pathway for transverse communication between lateral edges of turtle Cb suggests 
      that afferents may directly conduct vestibular information rapidly across the Cb 
      to coordinate vestibulomotor reflex behaviors.
FAU - Brown, Michael E
AU  - Brown ME
AD  - Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University 
      School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
FAU - Martin, John R
AU  - Martin JR
FAU - Rosenbluth, Jack
AU  - Rosenbluth J
FAU - Ariel, Michael
AU  - Ariel M
LA  - eng
GR  - NS-037475/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - NS-46499/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20101222
PL  - United States
TA  - J Neurophysiol
JT  - Journal of neurophysiology
JID - 0375404
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cerebellum/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
MH  - Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology/physiology
MH  - Synaptic Transmission/*physiology
MH  - Turtles/*physiology
MH  - Vestibule, Labyrinth/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
PMC - PMC3074411
EDAT- 2010/12/24 06:00
MHDA- 2011/07/23 06:00
PMCR- 2012/03/01
CRDT- 2010/12/24 06:00
PHST- 2010/12/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/12/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/07/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - jn.00986.2009 [pii]
AID - JN-00986-2009 [pii]
AID - 10.1152/jn.00986.2009 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Neurophysiol. 2011 Mar;105(3):1071-88. doi: 10.1152/jn.00986.2009. Epub 2010 
      Dec 22.