PMID- 21182212 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110506 LR - 20211020 IS - 1939-3806 (Electronic) IS - 1939-3792 (Print) IS - 1939-3806 (Linking) VI - 3 IP - 6 DP - 2010 Dec TI - Atypical diffusion tensor hemispheric asymmetry in autism. PG - 350-8 LID - 10.1002/aur.162 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Biological measurements that distinguish individuals with autism from typically developing individuals and those with other developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders must demonstrate very high performance to have clinical value as potential imaging biomarkers. We hypothesized that further study of white matter microstructure (WMM) in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and temporal stem (TS), two brain regions in the temporal lobe containing circuitry central to language, emotion, and social cognition, would identify a useful combination of classification features and further understand autism neuropathology. METHODS: WMM measurements from the STG and TS were examined from 30 high-functioning males satisfying full criteria for idiopathic autism aged 7-28 years and 30 matched controls and a replication sample of 12 males with idiopathic autism and 7 matched controls who participated in a previous case-control diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study. Language functioning, adaptive functioning, and psychotropic medication usage were also examined. RESULTS: In the STG, we find reversed hemispheric asymmetry of two separable measures of directional diffusion coherence, tensor skewness, and fractional anisotropy. In autism, tensor skewness is greater on the right and fractional anisotropy is decreased on the left. We also find increased diffusion parallel to white matter fibers bilaterally. In the right not left TS, we find increased omnidirectional, parallel, and perpendicular diffusion. These six multivariate measurements possess very high ability to discriminate individuals with autism from individuals without autism with 94% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 92% accuracy in our original and replication samples. We also report a near-significant association between the classifier and a quantitative trait index of autism and significant correlations between two classifier components and measures of language, IQ, and adaptive functioning in autism. CI - Copyright (c) 2010, International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. FAU - Lange, Nicholas AU - Lange N AD - Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. nlange@hms.harvard.edu FAU - Dubray, Molly B AU - Dubray MB FAU - Lee, Jee Eun AU - Lee JE FAU - Froimowitz, Michael P AU - Froimowitz MP FAU - Froehlich, Alyson AU - Froehlich A FAU - Adluru, Nagesh AU - Adluru N FAU - Wright, Brad AU - Wright B FAU - Ravichandran, Caitlin AU - Ravichandran C FAU - Fletcher, P Thomas AU - Fletcher PT FAU - Bigler, Erin D AU - Bigler ED FAU - Alexander, Andrew L AU - Alexander AL FAU - Lainhart, Janet E AU - Lainhart JE LA - eng GR - R01 MH084795-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - 2291/PHS HHS/United States GR - F31DC010143/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH080826-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 DA015879-03/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH062015-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - U19 HD035476-06/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - 34783/PHS HHS/United States GR - R01 MH084795/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 DC008553-05/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - 60450/PHS HHS/United States GR - P01 HD035476/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH062015/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - F31 DC010143/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 DC008553-04/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - U19 HD035476-09/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - F31 DC010143-02/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - P50 MH060450/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH084795-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - P01 HD035476-050004/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - 15879/PHS HHS/United States GR - R01 MH080826-03/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - 084795/PHS HHS/United States GR - T32 DC008553/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 DC008553-03/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - 080826/PHS HHS/United States GR - R01 MH062015-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH080826/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 NS037483-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States GR - F31 DC010143-01/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - T32DC008553/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - U19 HD035476-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 DC008553-01/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - F31 DC010143-03/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - 35476/PHS HHS/United States GR - R01 MH080826-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - U19 HD035476-07/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH062015-07/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH080826-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - P50 MH060450-07A19001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 DA015879/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 NS037483/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH084795-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 DC008553-02/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - U19 HD035476-08/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH080826-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 MH084795-03/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - 1677/PHS HHS/United States GR - 62015/PHS HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20101202 PL - United States TA - Autism Res JT - Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research JID - 101461858 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Anisotropy MH - Autistic Disorder/*pathology MH - Brain Mapping/methods MH - Child MH - Diffusion Tensor Imaging/*methods MH - Functional Laterality MH - Humans MH - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods MH - Language MH - Male MH - Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/*pathology MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Temporal Lobe/*pathology MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC3215255 MID - NIHMS264732 EDAT- 2010/12/25 06:00 MHDA- 2011/05/07 06:00 PMCR- 2011/11/14 CRDT- 2010/12/25 06:00 PHST- 2010/05/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2010/07/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2010/12/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/12/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/05/07 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2011/11/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1002/aur.162 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Autism Res. 2010 Dec;3(6):350-8. doi: 10.1002/aur.162. Epub 2010 Dec 2.