PMID- 21185083
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120426
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1573-2517 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-0327 (Linking)
VI  - 136
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2012 Jan
TI  - Medial prefrontal cortex and the self in major depression.
PG  - e1-e11
LID - S0165-0327(10)00731-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.034 [doi]
AB  - Self-focus (i.e. the process by which one engages oneself in self-referential 
      processing) is a core issue in the psychopathology of major depression. The 
      cortical midline structures, including the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), play 
      a key role in self-referential processing in healthy subjects. Four functional 
      magnetic resonance imaging studies recently found either an increased or a 
      decreased MPFC activation during self-referential processing in depressed 
      patients compared to healthy controls. Building on critical differences in 
      experimental settings, we argue that these conflicting results are indeed 
      consistent with two modes of elevated MPFC activation in major depression. An 
      elevated tonic ventral MPFC activation, as uncovered by an event-related design, 
      may embody automatic aspects of depressive self-focus, such as attracting 
      attention to self-relevant incoming information. An elevated phasic dorsal MPFC 
      activation, as uncovered by a block-based design, may embody more strategic 
      aspects of depressive self-focus, such as comparing the self with inner 
      standards. Additionally, strategic self-focus in depression may recruit the 
      anterior cingulate cortex and more lateral regions of the prefrontal cortex. An 
      aberrant functional connectivity of the dorsal MPFC may underlie this lack of 
      reciprocal inhibition between the cognitive control network and the default mode 
      network. Altogether, these results suggest that self-focus in depression may 
      emerge as a process competing for brain resources due to a lack of inhibition of 
      the default mode network, resulting in detrimental effects on externally-oriented 
      cognitive processes. Follow-up studies are warranted to determine the trait vs. 
      state nature of these biomarkers and their ability to predict treatment outcome.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lemogne, Cedric
AU  - Lemogne C
AD  - CNRS USR 3246, Paris, France; Universite Paris Descartes, Faculte de medecine, 
      Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Department of C-L 
      Psychiatry, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France. Electronic 
      address: cedric.lemogne@egp.aphp.fr.
FAU - Delaveau, Pauline
AU  - Delaveau P
AD  - CNRS USR 3246, Paris, France; Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France.
FAU - Freton, Maxime
AU  - Freton M
AD  - CNRS USR 3246, Paris, France; Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France; 
      Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Department of Psychiatry, 
      Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France.
FAU - Guionnet, Sophie
AU  - Guionnet S
AD  - CNRS USR 3246, Paris, France; Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France; 
      Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Department of Psychiatry, 
      Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France.
FAU - Fossati, Philippe
AU  - Fossati P
AD  - CNRS USR 3246, Paris, France; Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France; 
      Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Department of Psychiatry, 
      Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20101223
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Affect Disord
JT  - Journal of affective disorders
JID - 7906073
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Brain/physiology/*physiopathology
MH  - Brain Mapping
MH  - Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy/*physiopathology/*psychology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/physiology/*physiopathology
MH  - Self Concept
EDAT- 2010/12/28 06:00
MHDA- 2012/04/27 06:00
CRDT- 2010/12/28 06:00
PHST- 2010/09/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/11/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2010/11/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/12/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/12/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/04/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0165-0327(10)00731-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.034 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Affect Disord. 2012 Jan;136(1-2):e1-e11. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.034. Epub 
      2010 Dec 23.