PMID- 21188679
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110201
LR  - 20180802
IS  - 1424-3997 (Electronic)
IS  - 0036-7672 (Linking)
VI  - 140
DP  - 2010
TI  - Retrospective analysis of stimulant abuse cases reported to the Swiss 
      Toxicological Information Centre during 1997-2009.
PG  - w13115
LID - 10.4414/smw.2010.13115 [doi]
AB  - STUDY AIM: To describe characteristics of stimulant abuse and toxicity. METHOD: 
      We conducted a retrospective analysis of cases of exposure to cocaine, 
      amphetamines (amphetamine, methamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine 
      [MDMA]) and methylphenidate reported to the Swiss Toxicological Information 
      Centre between 1997 and 2009. RESULTS: There were 667 reports for cocaine, 147 
      for amphetamine, 41 for methamphetamine, 433 for MDMA, and 122 for 
      methylphenidate. Detailed outcome data were available in 546 (39%) of all 
      reported cases. Exposure to amphetamine or MDMA commonly resulted in mild to 
      moderate toxicity, but severe toxicity was seen in approximately 15% of reported 
      cocaine and MDMA exposures with a known medical outcome. Frequently observed 
      clinical signs and symptoms included tachycardia, arterial hypertension, nausea, 
      agitation, and panic. Amphetamine and MDMA exposures were seen in a younger 
      population and were mainly reported at weekends, while cocaine users were older 
      and exposures occurred proportionally more frequently on weekdays. Parenteral 
      drug use and co-use of heroin was more frequent in cocaine users than in those 
      using other stimulants. There has been an increase in reports of non-medical use 
      of methylphenidate in recent years, indicating a need for further studies of 
      abuse of prescription stimulants. CONCLUSION: Stimulant abuse is associated with 
      major toxicity in approximately 15% of reported cases with a known medical 
      outcome. Amphetamine and MDMA users differed from cocaine users in terms of user 
      characteristics, time of use and medical complications. Non-medical use of 
      prescription stimulants such as methylphenidate needs attention.
FAU - Bruggisser, Marcel
AU  - Bruggisser M
AD  - Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology and Department of Biomedicine, 
      University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Ceschi, Alessandro
AU  - Ceschi A
FAU - Bodmer, Michael
AU  - Bodmer M
FAU - Wilks, Martin F
AU  - Wilks MF
FAU - Kupferschmidt, Hugo
AU  - Kupferschmidt H
FAU - Liechti, Matthias E
AU  - Liechti ME
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20101025
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Swiss Med Wkly
JT  - Swiss medical weekly
JID - 100970884
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Poison Control Centers/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology
MH  - Switzerland
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2010/12/29 06:00
MHDA- 2011/02/02 06:00
CRDT- 2010/12/29 06:00
PHST- 2010/12/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/12/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/02/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - smw-13115 [pii]
AID - 10.4414/smw.2010.13115 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Swiss Med Wkly. 2010 Oct 25;140:w13115. doi: 10.4414/smw.2010.13115. eCollection 
      2010.