PMID- 21194370
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110527
LR  - 20220129
IS  - 1437-4315 (Electronic)
IS  - 1431-6730 (Print)
IS  - 1431-6730 (Linking)
VI  - 392
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2011 Jan
TI  - The ugly side of amphetamines: short- and long-term toxicity of 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'Ecstasy'), methamphetamine and 
      D-amphetamine.
PG  - 103-15
LID - 10.1515/BC.2011.016 [doi]
AB  - Amphetamine ('Speed'), methamphetamine ('Ice') and its congener 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 'Ecstasy') are illicit drugs abused 
      worldwide for their euphoric and stimulant effects. Despite compelling evidence 
      for chronic MDMA neurotoxicity in animal models, the physiological consequences 
      of such toxicity in humans remain unclear. In addition, distinct differences in 
      the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of MDMA between species and different strains 
      of animals prevent the rationalisation of realistic human dose paradigms in 
      animal studies. Here, we attempt to review amphetamine toxicity and in particular 
      MDMA toxicity in the pathogenesis of exemplary human pathologies, independently 
      of confounding environmental factors such as poly-drug use and drug purity.
FAU - Steinkellner, Thomas
AU  - Steinkellner T
AD  - Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical 
      University of Vienna, Wahringerstrasse 13a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Freissmuth, Michael
AU  - Freissmuth M
FAU - Sitte, Harald H
AU  - Sitte HH
FAU - Montgomery, Therese
AU  - Montgomery T
LA  - eng
GR  - F 3506/FWF_/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria
GR  - F 3510/FWF_/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Germany
TA  - Biol Chem
JT  - Biological chemistry
JID - 9700112
RN  - 0 (Amphetamines)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - TZ47U051FI (Dextroamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amphetamines/*toxicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Dextroamphetamine/*toxicity
MH  - Humans
MH  - Methamphetamine/*toxicity
MH  - Mitochondria/drug effects
MH  - Molecular Structure
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/toxicity
MH  - Psychoses, Substance-Induced/physiopathology
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/mortality/physiopathology
MH  - Time Factors
PMC - PMC4497800
MID - EMS53816
OID - NLM: EMS53816
EDAT- 2011/01/05 06:00
MHDA- 2011/05/28 06:00
PMCR- 2015/07/09
CRDT- 2011/01/04 06:00
PHST- 2011/01/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/01/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/05/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/07/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1515/BC.2011.016 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biol Chem. 2011 Jan;392(1-2):103-15. doi: 10.1515/BC.2011.016.