PMID- 21203348
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110208
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 1090-0535 (Electronic)
IS  - 1090-0535 (Linking)
VI  - 16
DP  - 2010 Dec 31
TI  - Changes to tear cytokines of type 2 diabetic patients with or without 
      retinopathy.
PG  - 2931-8
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate changes in cytokine levels in tears of type 2 diabetics 
      with or without retinopathy. METHODS: Tears were collected from 15 type 2 
      diabetics without retinopathy (DNR), 15 patients with retinopathy (DR), and 15 
      age and gender matched non-diabetic controls. Tear concentrations of 27 cytokines 
      were measured by multiplex bead immunoassay. Cytokine differences between groups, 
      ratios of type-1 T helper (Th1)/type-2 T helper (Th2) cytokines and 
      anti-angiogenic/pro-angiogenic cytokines were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: 
      The most abundant cytokine detected in tears was interferon-induced protein-10 
      (IP-10). In comparison with controls, IP-10 and monocyte chemoattracant protein-1 
      (MCP-1) levels were significantly elevated in DR (p=0.016 and 0.036, 
      respectively) and DNR groups (p=0.021 and 0.026, respectively). Interleukin-1 
      (IL-1) receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) levels were significantly increased in DNR 
      (p=0.016). Th1/Th2 cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/IL-5 and IL-2/IL-5 ratios 
      were significantly increased in DR compared to controls (p=0.037 and 0.031, 
      respectively). Anti-angiogenic/angiogenic cytokines IFN-gamma/MCP-1 and IL-4/MCP-1 
      ratios in DR and DNR were significantly decreased compared to controls (p<0.05). 
      IL-4/IL-8 and IL-12p70/IL-8 ratios were also significantly decreased in DR 
      compared to controls (p=0.02 and 0.045, respectively). No significant correlation 
      was demonstrated between tear cytokine concentrations and glycosylated hemoglobin 
      (HbA1c) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG). CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic tears exhibited 
      elevated levels of IP-10 and MCP-1. The Th1/Th2 cytokine balance may shift to a 
      predominantly Th1 state in DR patients. Pro-angiogenic cytokines are more highly 
      represented than anti-angiogenic cytokines in the tears of diabetic patients.
FAU - Liu, Jingfang
AU  - Liu J
AD  - First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 
      China.
FAU - Shi, Bingyin
AU  - Shi B
FAU - He, Shuixiang
AU  - He S
FAU - Yao, Xiaoli
AU  - Yao X
FAU - Willcox, Mark D P
AU  - Willcox MD
FAU - Zhao, Zhenjun
AU  - Zhao Z
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20101231
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Vis
JT  - Molecular vision
JID - 9605351
RN  - 0 (Angiogenesis Inducing Agents)
RN  - 0 (Angiogenesis Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin A)
SB  - IM
MH  - Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/metabolism
MH  - Angiogenesis Inhibitors/metabolism
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Cytokines/*metabolism
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications/*immunology
MH  - Diabetic Retinopathy/*complications/*immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin A/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Tears/*immunology
MH  - Th1 Cells/metabolism
MH  - Th2 Cells/metabolism
PMC - PMC3013072
EDAT- 2011/01/05 06:00
MHDA- 2011/02/09 06:00
PMCR- 2010/01/01
CRDT- 2011/01/05 06:00
PHST- 2010/08/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/12/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/01/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/01/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/02/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2010/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 315 [pii]
AID - 2010MOLVIS0369 [pii]
PST - epublish
SO  - Mol Vis. 2010 Dec 31;16:2931-8.