PMID- 21224404
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110414
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1096-3669 (Electronic)
VI  - 29
IP  - 1
DP  - 2011 Jan
TI  - Review Article: Persistent organic pollutants and landfills - a review of past 
      experiences and future challenges.
PG  - 107-21
LID - 10.1177/0734242X10390730 [doi]
AB  - The landfilling and dumping of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and other 
      persistent hazardous compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 
      hexachlorocyclohaxane (HCH), polybrominated diphenylether (PBDEs) or 
      perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) can have significant adverse environmental 
      consequences. This paper reviews past experiences with such disposal practices 
      and highlights their unsustainability due to the risks of contamination of 
      ecosystems, the food chain, together with ground and drinking water supplies. The 
      use and associated disposal of POPs have been occurring for over 50 years. 
      Concurrent with the phase-out of some of the most hazardous chemicals, the 
      production of new POPs, such as brominated and fluorinated compounds has 
      increased since the 1990s. These latter compounds are commonly used in a wide 
      range of consumer goods, and as consumer products reach the end of their useful 
      lives, ultimately enter waste recycling and disposal systems, in particular at 
      municipal landfills. Because of their very slow, or lack of degradability, POPs 
      will persist in landfills for many decades and possibly centuries. Over these 
      extended time periods engineered landfill systems and their liners are likely to 
      degrade, thus posing a contemporary and future risk of releasing large 
      contaminant loads to the environment. This review highlights the necessity for 
      alternative disposal methods for POP wastes, including destruction or complete 
      removal from potential environmental release. In addition to such end of pipe 
      solutions a policy change in the use pattern of persistent toxic chemicals is 
      inevitable. In addition, inventories for the location and quantity of POPs in 
      landfills, together with an assessment of their threat to ecosystems, drinking 
      water and food resources are identified as key measures to facilitate appropriate 
      management of risks. Finally the challenges of POP wastes in 
      transition/developing countries, the risk of increased leaching of POPs from 
      landfills due to climate change, and the possible negative impact of natural 
      attenuation processes are considered.
FAU - Weber, Roland
AU  - Weber R
AD  - POPs Environmental Consulting, Germany. roland.weber10@web.de
FAU - Watson, Alan
AU  - Watson A
FAU - Forter, Martin
AU  - Forter M
FAU - Oliaei, Fardin
AU  - Oliaei F
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Waste Manag Res
JT  - Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and 
      Public Cleansing Association, ISWA
JID - 9881064
RN  - 0 (Hazardous Substances)
SB  - IM
MH  - Developing Countries
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Environmental Pollution/*prevention & control
MH  - Food Chain
MH  - Hazardous Substances/adverse effects
MH  - Refuse Disposal/*methods
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Waste Management/*methods
MH  - Water Supply
EDAT- 2011/01/13 06:00
MHDA- 2011/04/16 06:00
CRDT- 2011/01/13 06:00
PHST- 2011/01/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/01/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/04/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 29/1/107 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/0734242X10390730 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Waste Manag Res. 2011 Jan;29(1):107-21. doi: 10.1177/0734242X10390730.