PMID- 21236466
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110407
LR  - 20161125
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 82
IP  - 9
DP  - 2011 Feb
TI  - Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry 
      (GCxGC-TOFMS) for environmental forensic investigations in developing countries.
PG  - 1230-9
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.039 [doi]
AB  - The disposal and dumping of toxic waste is a matter of growing concern in 
      developing countries, including South Africa. Frequently these countries do not 
      possess access to gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) 
      for the determination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This publication 
      describes an alternative approach to the investigation of toxic waste using 
      comprehensive gas chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry 
      (GCxGC-TOFMS). The technology permits both comprehensive screening of toxic 
      samples for numerous classes of organic pollutants and also quantitative analysis 
      for the individual compounds. This paper describes the use of this technique by 
      analysing samples obtained from a hazardous waste treatment facility in South 
      Africa. After sampling and extraction the samples were analysed for 
      polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) 
      and four dioxin-like non-ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The 
      quantitative values, as well as detection limits, obtained using the GCxGC-TOFMS 
      methodology compares well with those obtained using GC-HRMS; the accepted 
      benchmark technology for this analysis. Although GCxGC-TOFMS is not a target 
      compound analytical technique (as is GC-HRMS), it is possible to obtain 
      information on numerous other classes of organic pollutants present in the 
      samples in one analytical run. This is not possible with GC-HRMS. Several 
      different column combinations have been investigated for handling very complex 
      waste samples and suggestions are presented for the most suitable combination.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - de Vos, Jayne
AU  - de Vos J
AD  - Organic and Bio-Analysis Group, Metrology in Chemistry Area, National Metrology 
      Institute of South Africa, Private Bag X34, Lynnwood Ridge 0040, South Africa. 
      bjdevos@nmisa.org
FAU - Dixon, Roger
AU  - Dixon R
FAU - Vermeulen, Gerhard
AU  - Vermeulen G
FAU - Gorst-Allman, Peter
AU  - Gorst-Allman P
FAU - Cochran, Jack
AU  - Cochran J
FAU - Rohwer, Egmont
AU  - Rohwer E
FAU - Focant, Jean-Francois
AU  - Focant JF
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20110113
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Benzofurans)
RN  - 0 (Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Hazardous Waste)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Benzofurans/analysis/chemistry
MH  - *Developing Countries
MH  - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis/chemistry
MH  - Forensic Toxicology
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/*methods
MH  - Hazardous Waste/*analysis/legislation & jurisprudence
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis/chemistry
MH  - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/analogs & derivatives/analysis/chemistry
MH  - Refuse Disposal/legislation & jurisprudence
MH  - South Africa
EDAT- 2011/01/18 06:00
MHDA- 2011/04/08 06:00
CRDT- 2011/01/18 06:00
PHST- 2010/07/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/11/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2010/12/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/01/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/01/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/04/08 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0045-6535(10)01444-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.039 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2011 Feb;82(9):1230-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.039. Epub 
      2011 Jan 13.