PMID- 21240056
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111017
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1536-3694 (Electronic)
IS  - 0163-4356 (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 2
DP  - 2011 Apr
TI  - Urine analysis of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone in opioid-dependent patients by 
      gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PG  - 257-63
LID - 10.1097/FTD.0b013e318208b693 [doi]
AB  - A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) procedure was developed for the 
      quantitative analysis of the new designer drug methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) 
      in urine together with the common stimulants amphetamine, methamphetamine, and 
      methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The procedure involved electron ionization 
      (EI) GCMS in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode after liquid-liquid 
      extraction with toluene and derivatization with heptafluorobutyric acid 
      anhydride. All MDPV findings were confirmed by positive chemical ionization GCMS 
      in SIM mode. Positive chemical ionization-GCMS allowed the protonated molecule 
      M+H+ m/z 276 to be used as a target ion with 3 abundant fragments as qualifier 
      ions. By electron ionization-GCMS, the limit of quantification (LOQ) for MDPV was 
      0.02 mg/L; and for amphetamine, methamphetamine, and MDMA, the LOQ was 0.05 mg/L. 
      The method was applied to monitoring urine samples from opioid-dependent patients 
      undergoing opioid substitution treatment. Nine of the 34 urine samples (26%) 
      analyzed were MDPV positive by the GCMS procedure. The positive samples were 
      obtained from 2 female and 7 male patients with a mean age of 31 years. The 
      median (range) MDPV concentration was 0.16 mg/L (0.04-3.9 mg/L) based on the 7 
      samples for which a numeric value was obtained, whereas the concentration was 
      below the LOQ but above the limit of detection in 2 samples. The method revealed 
      amphetamine in approximately 40% of the cases, and there was no statistical 
      difference between the MDPV-positive and MDPV-negative groups. Urine amphetamine 
      concentrations were on average 10 times higher than those of MDPV. The 
      opioid-dependent patients used MDPV mainly as a substitute for amphetamine, 
      judging from the laboratory findings of this study and the information from our 
      patients.
FAU - Ojanpera, Ilkka Antero
AU  - Ojanpera IA
AD  - Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, 
      Helsinki, Finland. ilkka.ojanpera@helsinki.fi
FAU - Heikman, Pertti Kalevi
AU  - Heikman PK
FAU - Rasanen, Ilpo Juhani
AU  - Rasanen IJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Ther Drug Monit
JT  - Therapeutic drug monitoring
JID - 7909660
RN  - 0 (Benzodioxoles)
RN  - 0 (Designer Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Pyrrolidines)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - CK833KGX7E (Amphetamine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - 0 (Synthetic Cathinone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amphetamine/urine
MH  - Benzodioxoles/chemistry/*urine
MH  - Designer Drugs/*analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Methamphetamine/urine
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/urine
MH  - *Opiate Substitution Treatment
MH  - *Opioid-Related Disorders
MH  - Psychotropic Drugs/chemistry/*urine
MH  - Pyrrolidines/chemistry/*urine
MH  - *Substance Abuse Detection
MH  - Synthetic Cathinone
EDAT- 2011/01/18 06:00
MHDA- 2011/10/18 06:00
CRDT- 2011/01/18 06:00
PHST- 2011/01/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/01/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/10/18 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1097/FTD.0b013e318208b693 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ther Drug Monit. 2011 Apr;33(2):257-63. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0b013e318208b693.