PMID- 21261690
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120327
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1365-2559 (Electronic)
IS  - 0309-0167 (Linking)
VI  - 59
IP  - 4
DP  - 2011 Oct
TI  - The histopathology of drugs of abuse.
PG  - 579-93
LID - 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03728.x [doi]
AB  - The use of drugs for recreational purposes is widespread. The drugs used can be 
      divided into groups including stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines, etc.), opiates 
      and opioids (heroin, oxycodone, methadone, fentanyl, etc.), sedatives 
      (benzodiazepines and related substances) and miscellaneous drugs, including 
      ketamine and cannabis (marijuana). These drugs can have profound effects on all 
      organ systems in the body. The method of administration, whether by injection or 
      inhalation, can cause localized and systemic effects, including the transmission 
      of infection and granulomata at the site of injection and in the lungs. 
      Suppurative abscesses from injection can result in systemic amyloidosis. 
      Stimulants have profound effects on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular 
      systems, with enlarged hearts with fibrosis seen microscopically and cerebral 
      infarction and haemorrhage. Crack cocaine use is also associated with changes in 
      the pulmonary system, including carbon pigmented intra-alveolar macrophages, 
      emphysema and pulmonary arterial changes. Cannabis use is associated with brown 
      pigmented macrophages in the lung as well as changes in the respiratory tract 
      epithelium. Opiates/opioids are associated with inhalational pneumonitis and 
      hypoxic brain damage due to their respiratory depressant effects. Heroin use has 
      been associated with focal segmental glomerulonephritis (heroin-associated 
      nephropathy: HAN). 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) use is 
      associated with changes in the cardiovascular system. Its use can lead to 
      hyperpyrexia, which results in systemic changes. Ketamine abuse has been 
      associated with cystitis. Drugs of abuse may affect testicular function. In 
      analysing the effects of drugs at autopsy a systematic approach to sampling of 
      histology is required.
CI  - 2011 Blackwell Publishing Limited.
FAU - Milroy, Christopher Mark
AU  - Milroy CM
AD  - Eastern Ontario Forensic Pathology Unit of the Ontario Forensic Pathology 
      Service, Division of Anatomical Pathology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada. 
      cmilroy@toh.on.ca
FAU - Parai, Jacqueline Louise
AU  - Parai JL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20110125
PL  - England
TA  - Histopathology
JT  - Histopathology
JID - 7704136
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*adverse effects
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/*pathology
EDAT- 2011/01/26 06:00
MHDA- 2012/03/28 06:00
CRDT- 2011/01/26 06:00
PHST- 2011/01/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/01/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/03/28 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03728.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Histopathology. 2011 Oct;59(4):579-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03728.x. 
      Epub 2011 Jan 25.