PMID- 21286880
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111109
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1530-9932 (Electronic)
IS  - 1530-9932 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 1
DP  - 2011 Mar
TI  - Assessment of the influence factors on nasal spray droplet velocity using 
      phase-Doppler anemometry (PDA).
PG  - 337-43
LID - 10.1208/s12249-011-9594-1 [doi]
AB  - Droplet velocity is an important parameter that can be used to characterize nasal 
      spray products. In this study, a phase-Doppler anemometry (PDA) system was used 
      to measure the droplet velocities of nasal sprays. A survey of seven commercial 
      nasal spray products showed a range of droplet velocities from 6.7 to 19.2 m/s, 
      all significantly different from each other. A three-level, four-factor 
      Box-Behnken design of experiments (DOE) methodology were applied to investigate 
      the influences of actuation parameters and formulation properties on nasal spray 
      droplet velocity using a set of placebo formulations. The DOE study shows that 
      all four input factors (stroke length, actuation velocity, concentration of the 
      gelling agent, and concentration of the surfactant) have significant influence on 
      droplet velocity. An optimized quadratic model generated from the DOE results 
      describes the inherent relationships between the input factors and droplet 
      velocity thus providing a better understanding of the input factor influences. 
      Overall, PDA provides a new in vitro characterization method for the evaluation 
      of inhalation drugs through assessment of spray velocity and may assist in 
      product development to meet drug delivery equivalency requirements.
CI  - (c) 2011 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
FAU - Liu, Xiaofei
AU  - Liu X
AD  - U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 1114 
      Market Street, Room 1002, St. Louis, Missouri 63101, USA.
FAU - Doub, William H
AU  - Doub WH
FAU - Guo, Changning
AU  - Guo C
LA  - eng
GR  - 1165/PHS HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DEP - 20110201
PL  - United States
TA  - AAPS PharmSciTech
JT  - AAPS PharmSciTech
JID - 100960111
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
RN  - 0 (Excipients)
RN  - 0 (Gels)
RN  - 0 (Nasal Sprays)
RN  - 0 (Polysorbates)
RN  - 0 (Surface-Active Agents)
RN  - 9004-34-6 (Cellulose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Intranasal
MH  - *Aerosols
MH  - Cellulose/analysis
MH  - *Drug Delivery Systems
MH  - Excipients
MH  - Gels
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Nasal Sprays
MH  - Nebulizers and Vaporizers
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Polysorbates
MH  - *Research Design
MH  - Surface-Active Agents/metabolism
MH  - *Technology, Pharmaceutical/instrumentation/methods
MH  - Viscosity
PMC - PMC3066353
EDAT- 2011/02/03 06:00
MHDA- 2011/11/10 06:00
PMCR- 2012/02/01
CRDT- 2011/02/03 06:00
PHST- 2010/05/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/01/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/02/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/02/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/11/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 9594 [pii]
AID - 10.1208/s12249-011-9594-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - AAPS PharmSciTech. 2011 Mar;12(1):337-43. doi: 10.1208/s12249-011-9594-1. Epub 
      2011 Feb 1.