PMID- 21318044
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110714
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 2090-1860 (Electronic)
IS  - 2090-1852 (Print)
IS  - 2090-1860 (Linking)
VI  - 2010
DP  - 2010
TI  - Transitional Nerve: A New and Original Classification of a Peripheral Nerve 
      Supported by the Nature of the Accessory Nerve (CN XI).
PG  - 476018
LID - 10.1155/2010/476018 [doi]
LID - 476018
AB  - Classically, the accessory nerve is described as having a cranial and a spinal 
      root. Textbooks are inconsistent with regard to the modality of the spinal root 
      of the accessory nerve. Some authors report the spinal root as general somatic 
      efferent (GSE), while others list a special visceral efferent (SVE) modality. We 
      investigated the comparative, anatomical, embryological, and molecular literature 
      to determine which modality of the accessory nerve was accurate and why a 
      discrepancy exists. We traced the origin of the incongruity to the writings of 
      early comparative anatomists who believed the accessory nerve was either 
      branchial or somatic depending on the origin of its target musculature. Both 
      theories were supported entirely by empirical observations of anatomical and 
      embryological dissections. We find ample evidence including very recent molecular 
      experiments to show the cranial and spinal root are separate entities. 
      Furthermore, we determined the modality of the spinal root is neither GSE or SVE, 
      but a unique peripheral nerve with a distinct modality. We propose a new 
      classification of the accessory nerve as a transitional nerve, which demonstrates 
      characteristics of both spinal and cranial nerves.
FAU - Benninger, Brion
AU  - Benninger B
AD  - Departments of Surgery, Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Integrative Biosciences, 
      Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, 611 SW 
      Campus, Room 713, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
FAU - McNeil, Jonathan
AU  - McNeil J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20110113
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurol Res Int
JT  - Neurology research international
JID - 101543314
PMC - PMC3026986
EDAT- 2011/02/15 06:00
MHDA- 2011/02/15 06:01
PMCR- 2011/01/13
CRDT- 2011/02/15 06:00
PHST- 2010/08/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/11/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/02/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/02/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/02/15 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2011/01/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2010/476018 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurol Res Int. 2010;2010:476018. doi: 10.1155/2010/476018. Epub 2011 Jan 13.