PMID- 21325416
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110614
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1098-5514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-538X (Print)
IS  - 0022-538X (Linking)
VI  - 85
IP  - 9
DP  - 2011 May
TI  - Infection, viral dissemination, and antibody responses of rhesus macaques exposed 
      to the human gammaretrovirus XMRV.
PG  - 4547-57
LID - 10.1128/JVI.02411-10 [doi]
AB  - Xenotropic murine leukemia-related virus (XMRV) was identified in association 
      with human prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. To examine the infection 
      potential, kinetics, and tissue distribution of XMRV in an animal model, we 
      inoculated five macaques with XMRV intravenously. XMRV established a persistent, 
      chronic disseminated infection, with low transient viremia and provirus in blood 
      lymphocytes during acute infection. Although undetectable in blood after about a 
      month, XMRV viremia was reactivated at 9 months, confirming the chronicity of the 
      infection. Furthermore, XMRV Gag was detected in tissues throughout, with wide 
      dissemination throughout the period of monitoring. Surprisingly, XMRV infection 
      showed organ-specific cell tropism, infecting CD4 T cells in lymphoid organs 
      including the gastrointestinal lamina propria, alveolar macrophages in lung, and 
      epithelial/interstitial cells in other organs, including the reproductive tract. 
      Of note, in spite of the intravenous inoculation, extensive XMRV replication was 
      noted in prostate during acute but not chronic infection even though infected 
      cells were still detectable by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 
      prostate at 5 and 9 months postinfection. Marked lymphocyte activation occurred 
      immediately postinfection, but antigen-specific cellular responses were 
      undetectable. Antibody responses were elicited and boosted upon reexposure, but 
      titers decreased rapidly, suggesting low antigen stimulation over time. Our 
      findings establish a nonhuman primate model to study XMRV 
      replication/dissemination, transmission, pathogenesis, immune responses, and 
      potential future therapies.
FAU - Onlamoon, Nattawat
AU  - Onlamoon N
AD  - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of 
      Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
FAU - Das Gupta, Jaydip
AU  - Das Gupta J
FAU - Sharma, Prachi
AU  - Sharma P
FAU - Rogers, Kenneth
AU  - Rogers K
FAU - Suppiah, Suganthi
AU  - Suppiah S
FAU - Rhea, Jeanne
AU  - Rhea J
FAU - Molinaro, Ross J
AU  - Molinaro RJ
FAU - Gaughan, Christina
AU  - Gaughan C
FAU - Dong, Beihua
AU  - Dong B
FAU - Klein, Eric A
AU  - Klein EA
FAU - Qiu, Xiaoxing
AU  - Qiu X
FAU - Devare, Sushil
AU  - Devare S
FAU - Schochetman, Gerald
AU  - Schochetman G
FAU - Hackett, John Jr
AU  - Hackett J Jr
FAU - Silverman, Robert H
AU  - Silverman RH
FAU - Villinger, Francois
AU  - Villinger F
LA  - eng
GR  - P51 RR000165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 CA103943/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - CA103943/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DRR000165/PHS HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20110216
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JT  - Journal of virology
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/*blood
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - *Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Epithelial Cells/virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lymphocytes/virology
MH  - Macaca mulatta/*virology
MH  - Macrophages/virology
MH  - Male
MH  - Primate Diseases/immunology/pathology/*virology
MH  - Proviruses/isolation & purification
MH  - Retroviridae Infections/immunology/pathology/*virology
MH  - Viral Tropism
MH  - Viremia
MH  - Virus Activation
MH  - Virus Latency
MH  - Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus/*immunology/*pathogenicity
PMC - PMC3126245
EDAT- 2011/02/18 06:00
MHDA- 2011/06/15 06:00
PMCR- 2011/11/01
CRDT- 2011/02/18 06:00
PHST- 2011/02/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/02/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/06/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JVI.02411-10 [pii]
AID - 2411-10 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/JVI.02411-10 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol. 2011 May;85(9):4547-57. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02411-10. Epub 2011 Feb 16.