PMID- 21331529
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110805
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 1534-6293 (Electronic)
IS  - 1528-4042 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 3
DP  - 2011 Jun
TI  - NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis.
PG  - 298-304
LID - 10.1007/s11910-011-0186-y [doi]
AB  - N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody encephalitis is a recently 
      described immunotherapy-responsive panencephalitis with characteristic features 
      that include a psychiatric onset and a later movement disorder. This entity was 
      first described as a paraneoplastic phenomenon in young women with ovarian 
      teratomata. However, more recently it has become clear that the majority of 
      patients, particularly children, do not harbor a tumor and that males can also be 
      affected. With the development of the NMDAR antibody assay, now available 
      worldwide, a few patients with classical limbic encephalitis and early psychosis 
      and epilepsy have also been found to harbor these antibodies. Early diagnosis 
      followed by immunotherapies and tumor removal, when relevant, expedite recovery 
      from the condition. Antibody levels correlate with the clinical severity of the 
      disease in individual patients, and the antibodies have been shown to 
      substantially reduce NMDA receptors on hippocampal neurons both in vitro and in 
      vivo, supporting the likely direct pathogenicity of the NMDAR antibodies.
FAU - Irani, Sarosh R
AU  - Irani SR
AD  - Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe 
      Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX39DS, UK. saroshirani@doctors.net.uk
FAU - Vincent, Angela
AU  - Vincent A
LA  - eng
GR  - Department of Health/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep
JT  - Current neurology and neuroscience reports
JID - 100931790
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Autoantibodies/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/*immunology
MH  - Disease Progression
MH  - Encephalitis/*immunology/physiopathology/therapy
MH  - Epilepsy/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunotherapy/methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology/pathology
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*immunology
MH  - Teratoma/immunology/pathology
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2011/02/19 06:00
MHDA- 2011/08/06 06:00
CRDT- 2011/02/19 06:00
PHST- 2011/02/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/02/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/08/06 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s11910-011-0186-y [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2011 Jun;11(3):298-304. doi: 10.1007/s11910-011-0186-y.