PMID- 21335022
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110711
LR  - 20161125
IS  - 1096-0333 (Electronic)
IS  - 0041-008X (Linking)
VI  - 252
IP  - 3
DP  - 2011 May 1
TI  - A study of the enhanced sensitizing capacity of a contact allergen in lipid 
      vesicle formulations.
PG  - 221-7
LID - 10.1016/j.taap.2011.02.010 [doi]
AB  - The growing focus on nanotechnology and the increased use of nano-sized 
      structures, e.g. vesicles, in topical formulations has led to safety concerns. We 
      have investigated the sensitizing capacity and penetration properties of a 
      fluorescent model compound, rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC), when administered 
      in micro- and nano-scale vesicle formulations. The sensitizing capacity of RBITC 
      was studied using the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) and the skin 
      penetration properties were compared using diffusion cells in combination with 
      two-photon microscopy (TPM). The lymph node cell proliferation, an indicator of a 
      compounds sensitizing capacity, increased when RBITC was applied in lipid 
      vesicles as compared to an ethanol:water (Et:W) solution. Micro-scale vesicles 
      showed a slightly higher cell proliferative response compared to nano-scale 
      vesicles. TPM imaging revealed that the vesicle formulations improved the skin 
      penetration of RBITC compared to the Et:W solution. A strong fluorescent region 
      in the stratum corneum and upper epidermis implies elevated association of RBITC 
      to these skin layers when formulated in lipid vesicles. In conclusion, the 
      results indicate that there could be an elevated risk of sensitization when 
      haptens are delivered in vehicles containing lipid vesicles. Although the size of 
      the vesicles seems to be of minor importance, further studies are needed before a 
      more generalized conclusion can be drawn. It is likely that the enhanced 
      sensitizing capacity is a consequence of the improved penetration and increased 
      formation of hapten-protein complexes in epidermis when RBITC is delivered in 
      ethosomal formulations.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Simonsson, Carl
AU  - Simonsson C
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. 
      carl.simonsson@chem.gu.se
FAU - Madsen, Jakob Torp
AU  - Madsen JT
FAU - Graneli, Annette
AU  - Graneli A
FAU - Andersen, Klaus E
AU  - Andersen KE
FAU - Karlberg, Ann-Therese
AU  - Karlberg AT
FAU - Jonsson, Charlotte A
AU  - Jonsson CA
FAU - Ericson, Marica B
AU  - Ericson MB
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110216
PL  - United States
TA  - Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
JT  - Toxicology and applied pharmacology
JID - 0416575
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
RN  - 0 (Liposomes)
RN  - 0 (Rhodamines)
RN  - BA7THR07HH (rhodamine isothiocyanate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Cutaneous
MH  - Allergens/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Vitro Techniques
MH  - Liposomes/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - Mice
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Rhodamines/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Skin Absorption/*physiology
EDAT- 2011/02/22 06:00
MHDA- 2011/07/12 06:00
CRDT- 2011/02/22 06:00
PHST- 2010/11/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/02/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/02/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/02/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/02/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/07/12 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0041-008X(11)00056-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.taap.2011.02.010 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 May 1;252(3):221-7. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.02.010. 
      Epub 2011 Feb 16.