PMID- 21336255
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110824
LR  - 20220421
IS  - 1476-5454 (Electronic)
IS  - 0950-222X (Print)
IS  - 0950-222X (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 5
DP  - 2011 May
TI  - Female reproductive factors and primary open-angle glaucoma in the Nurses' Health 
      Study.
PG  - 633-41
LID - 10.1038/eye.2011.34 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between age at 
      menarche, parity, and oral contraceptive (OC) use, and primary open-angle 
      glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: We followed 79 440 women in the Nurses' Health Study 
      prospectively from 1980 to 2006 and identified 813 cases of incident POAG. 
      Eligible participants were >/=40 years old, free of POAG at baseline, had 
      information on reproductive history, and reported receiving eye examinations 
      during follow-up. Relevant exposure data and POAG risk factors were updated using 
      biennial questionnaires. We used proportional hazards models to calculate 
      multivariable rate ratios (MVRRs) of POAG and 95% confidence intervals (CI). 
      RESULTS: In multivariable analysis, there were no significant linear trends 
      between age at menarche (P for trend=0.65) or reproductive duration defined as 
      time between age at menarche and menopause (P for trend=0.30) and POAG. Although 
      ever using OCs was not associated with POAG risk (MVRR=1.14; 95% CI, 0.98, 1.34), 
      >/=5 years of OC use was associated with a modest 25% increased risk of POAG 
      (MVRR=1.25; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.53; P for linear trend=0.04). Furthermore, among past 
      OC users, a shorter time since stopping OC use was also associated with an 
      increased risk of POAG (P for linear trend=0.02). Parity was not associated with 
      POAG risk. CONCLUSION: The >/=5 years of OC use was associated with a modestly 
      increased risk of POAG. These data add further support for a role of circulating 
      estrogen in the pathogenesis of POAG.
FAU - Pasquale, L R
AU  - Pasquale LR
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Brigham and 
      Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, 
      USA. Louis_Pasquale@meei.harvard.edu
FAU - Kang, J H
AU  - Kang JH
LA  - eng
GR  - P01 CA087969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - EY015473/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 CA055075/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - CA87969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EY015473-07/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - CA55075/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - EY09611/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EY015473/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL035464/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HL35464/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EY009611/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110218
PL  - England
TA  - Eye (Lond)
JT  - Eye (London, England)
JID - 8703986
RN  - 0 (Contraceptives, Oral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Contraceptives, Oral/administration & dosage
MH  - Female
MH  - Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Menarche
MH  - Menopause/physiology
MH  - Menstrual Cycle/*physiology
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Nurses
MH  - Parity
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - *Reproductive History
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
PMC - PMC3093442
MID - NIHMS269271
EDAT- 2011/02/22 06:00
MHDA- 2011/08/25 06:00
PMCR- 2012/05/01
CRDT- 2011/02/22 06:00
PHST- 2011/02/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/02/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/08/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - eye201134 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/eye.2011.34 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eye (Lond). 2011 May;25(5):633-41. doi: 10.1038/eye.2011.34. Epub 2011 Feb 18.