PMID- 21337028
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110725
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 1432-1106 (Electronic)
IS  - 0014-4819 (Linking)
VI  - 209
IP  - 4
DP  - 2011 Apr
TI  - Motivation and movement: the effect of monetary incentive on performance speed.
PG  - 551-9
LID - 10.1007/s00221-011-2583-5 [doi]
AB  - From observation of human behavior, we know that speed of movement initiation and 
      execution can be influenced by motivational factors, for example we walk faster 
      when in a hurry (sense of urgency) or write faster during an exam (potential 
      reward of good results). However, there is scant experimental evidence for the 
      motivational modulation of movement in man. Experiments in non-human primates 
      have demonstrated shortening of reaction times in response to reward. However, it 
      is not clear how reward might affect performance of reaction time (RT) tasks in 
      humans, and specifically whether warned and unwarned simple and uncued and 
      precued choice RTs are similarly or differentially affected by reward. The effect 
      of monetary incentive on total time (TT, (RT + MT)) was assessed in 16 healthy 
      participants using four paradigms: warned simple RT (wSRT), unwarned simple RT 
      (uSRT), uncued choice RT (uCRT), and precued choice RT (pCRT). wSRT, uSRT, and 
      pCRT tasks all allow advance preparation and preprogramming of the movement, 
      whereas uCRT does not. We found a significant effect of monetary incentive in 
      shortening TTs in wSRT, uSRT, and pCRT tasks, but no effect on the uCRT task. 
      These results demonstrate that monetary incentive can speed up movement 
      initiation and execution in human participants, but only in tasks where 
      preprogramming of the response is possible. This suggests that in reaction time 
      tasks such as these, monetary incentive is having its effect by enhancing 
      preparation of preprogrammed movement, but has little effect when movements 
      cannot be specified in advance. These "RT and reward" tasks provide a useful 
      paradigm for investigation into the effects of monetary incentive on reaction 
      times in man and to study motivational modulation of movement speed in health and 
      disease.
FAU - Mir, Pablo
AU  - Mir P
AD  - Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of 
      Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
FAU - Trender-Gerhard, Iris
AU  - Trender-Gerhard I
FAU - Edwards, Mark J
AU  - Edwards MJ
FAU - Schneider, Susanne A
AU  - Schneider SA
FAU - Bhatia, Kailash P
AU  - Bhatia KP
FAU - Jahanshahi, Marjan
AU  - Jahanshahi M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20110220
PL  - Germany
TA  - Exp Brain Res
JT  - Experimental brain research
JID - 0043312
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Motivation/*physiology
MH  - Movement/*physiology
MH  - Personality/physiology
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/physiology
MH  - Reaction Time/*physiology
MH  - *Reward
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
EDAT- 2011/02/22 06:00
MHDA- 2011/07/26 06:00
CRDT- 2011/02/22 06:00
PHST- 2010/07/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/01/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/02/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/02/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/07/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00221-011-2583-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Exp Brain Res. 2011 Apr;209(4):551-9. doi: 10.1007/s00221-011-2583-5. Epub 2011 
      Feb 20.