PMID- 21341398
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110603
LR  - 20110218
IS  - 1530-0374 (Electronic)
IS  - 1072-3714 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 2
DP  - 2011 Feb
TI  - The Timing Hypothesis remains a valid explanation of differential 
      cardioprotective effects of menopausal hormone treatment.
PG  - 230-6
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using delayed hormone treatment (HT) 
      have failed to validate the reduction in cardiovascular disease-associated events 
      found in observational studies of early menopausal HT (MHT). The Timing 
      Hypothesis--effects of differences between the chronologic age/length of 
      postmenopause of study participants--continues to be questioned as an explanation 
      for the discrepant outcomes. We reviewed evidence regarding the basis of the 
      hypothesis and its suitability to explain differences in outcomes between MHT and 
      HT trials. METHODS: Literature review. RESULTS: Reports of laboratory, animal, 
      and human clinical studies support the differential effect of HT on normal versus 
      diseased vessels. Age and time since menopause have been related to the extent of 
      vascular disease in women. CONCLUSIONS: There is ample evidence of the validity 
      of the Timing Hypothesis as an entity and as an explanation of the different 
      outcomes of observational studies and RCTs. The available delayed HT RCT data do 
      not rule out the validity of the Timing Hypothesis or protection by MHT against 
      cardiovascular events. Cardiovascular disease remains the single largest cause of 
      death in women, and research on its prevention by MHT should be the highest 
      national priority.
FAU - Choi, Seung Do
AU  - Choi SD
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang 
      University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Steinberg, Emma M
AU  - Steinberg EM
FAU - Lee, Hae Hyeog
AU  - Lee HH
FAU - Naftolin, Frederick
AU  - Naftolin F
LA  - eng
GR  - RC1-HL 100769/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Menopause
JT  - Menopause (New York, N.Y.)
JID - 9433353
RN  - 0 (Cardiotonic Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cardiotonic Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control
MH  - Female
MH  - *Hormone Replacement Therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Menopause/*drug effects
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
MH  - Treatment Outcome
EDAT- 2011/02/23 06:00
MHDA- 2011/06/04 06:00
CRDT- 2011/02/23 06:00
PHST- 2011/02/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/02/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/06/04 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Menopause. 2011 Feb;18(2):230-6.