PMID- 21377816
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120604
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1872-6283 (Electronic)
IS  - 0379-0738 (Linking)
VI  - 215
IP  - 1-3
DP  - 2012 Feb 10
TI  - The prevalence of drugs in injured drivers.
PG  - 14-7
LID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.01.040 [doi]
AB  - In mid 2009 Victoria introduced compulsory drug testing of blood taken from all 
      injured drivers taken to hospital. Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 
      methylamphetamine (MA) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methylamphetamine (MDMA) are 
      prohibited and if drivers are positive to any amount an automatic penalty is 
      enforced. Laboratory screens were conducted on preserved blood using ELISA 
      testing for cannabis metabolite and methylamphetamines and a fully validated 
      LC-MS/MS method for 105 drugs including THC, amphetamines, opioids, 
      benzodiazepines, antidepressants and antipsychotics and a number of other 
      psychoactive substances using a minimum of two transitions per drug. Conventional 
      GC-testing for ethanol was used to screen and quantify the presence of alcohol. 
      1714 drivers were tested and showed alcohol in 29% (>/= 0.01 g/100mL) and drugs in 
      35%. The positive rate for the three drugs prohibited by legislation was 12.5%. 
      The prevalence of THC, MA and MDMA was 9.8%, 3.1%, and 0.8%, respectively. The 
      range of THC concentrations in blood was 2-42 ng/mL (median 7) of which 70% had a 
      concentration of 10 ng/mL or higher. The range of concentrations for MA and MDMA 
      was 0.02-0.4 and 0.03-0.3mg/L (median for both drugs was 0.05 mg/L). Drugs of any 
      type were detected in 35% of cases. The other drugs were largely prescribed drugs 
      such as the antidepressants (9.3%) and benzodiazepines (8.9%). Neither 
      6-acetylmorphine nor cocaine (or benzoylecgonine) was detected in these cases.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Drummer, Olaf H
AU  - Drummer OH
AD  - Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, 57-83 Kavanagh St, Southbank, Victoria 
      3006, Australia. olaf@vifm.org
FAU - Kourtis, Irene
AU  - Kourtis I
FAU - Beyer, Jochen
AU  - Beyer J
FAU - Tayler, Penny
AU  - Tayler P
FAU - Boorman, Martin
AU  - Boorman M
FAU - Gerostamoulos, Dimitri
AU  - Gerostamoulos D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20110305
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Forensic Sci Int
JT  - Forensic science international
JID - 7902034
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Depressants)
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations)
RN  - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs)
RN  - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - 7J8897W37S (Dronabinol)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Accidents, Traffic
MH  - Alcohol Drinking
MH  - Australia
MH  - Automobile Driving/*legislation & jurisprudence
MH  - Central Nervous System Depressants/blood
MH  - Dronabinol/blood
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Ethanol/blood
MH  - Forensic Toxicology
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*blood
MH  - Methamphetamine/blood
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/blood
MH  - Pharmaceutical Preparations/*blood
MH  - Psychotropic Drugs/*blood
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection
EDAT- 2011/03/08 06:00
MHDA- 2012/06/05 06:00
CRDT- 2011/03/08 06:00
PHST- 2010/09/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/10/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/01/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/03/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/03/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/06/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0379-0738(11)00055-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.01.040 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Forensic Sci Int. 2012 Feb 10;215(1-3):14-7. doi: 
      10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.01.040. Epub 2011 Mar 5.