PMID- 21378047
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110727
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1098-5336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Print)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Linking)
VI  - 77
IP  - 9
DP  - 2011 May
TI  - Adherence and cytokine induction in Caco-2 cells by bacterial populations from a 
      three-stage continuous-culture model of the large intestine.
PG  - 2934-42
LID - 10.1128/AEM.02244-10 [doi]
AB  - Adherence of bacteria to epithelial cells is an important step in colonization 
      and immune modulation in the large bowel. The aims of this study were to use a 
      three-stage continuous-culture system (CCS) to investigate how environmental 
      factors affect bacterial attachment to Caco-2 cells and modulation of cytokine 
      expression by gut microorganisms, including a probiotic Bifidobacterium longum 
      strain, DD2004. The CCS simulated environmental conditions in the proximal large 
      intestine (vessel 1 [V1]) and distal colon (V2 and V3) at two different system 
      retention times (R) within the range of normal colonic transits (20 and 60 h). 
      The model was inoculated with human fecal material, and fluorescence in situ 
      hybridization (FISH) was used to characterize microbial populations and to assess 
      bacterial attachment to Caco-2 cells. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was 
      employed to measure cytokine gene expression following challenge with bacteria 
      from different components of the CCS in the presence and absence of B. longum. At 
      an R of 60 h, bacterial adherence increased from V1 to V3, but this trend was 
      reversed at an R of 20 h. Atopobia were the predominant adherent organisms 
      detected at both system retention times in each culture vessel. Modulation of 
      transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-18 gene 
      expression by CCS bacteria was marked at an R of 60 h, while at an R of 20 h, 
      IL-4, IL-10, TGF-beta2, IL-1alpha, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were 
      significantly affected. The addition of B. longum affected cytokine expression 
      significantly at both retention times. This study demonstrates that environmental 
      determinants regulate the adherence properties of intestinal bacteria and their 
      abilities to regulate cytokine synthesis.
FAU - Bahrami, Bahram
AU  - Bahrami B
AD  - Microbiology and Gut Biology Group, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
FAU - Child, Matthew W
AU  - Child MW
FAU - Macfarlane, Sandra
AU  - Macfarlane S
FAU - Macfarlane, George T
AU  - Macfarlane GT
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20110304
PL  - United States
TA  - Appl Environ Microbiol
JT  - Applied and environmental microbiology
JID - 7605801
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteria/growth & development/*immunology/isolation & purification
MH  - Bacterial Adhesion
MH  - Caco-2 Cells
MH  - Cytokines/*biosynthesis
MH  - Epithelial Cells/*immunology/*microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Intestine, Large/*microbiology
PMC - PMC3126424
EDAT- 2011/03/08 06:00
MHDA- 2011/07/28 06:00
PMCR- 2011/11/01
CRDT- 2011/03/08 06:00
PHST- 2011/03/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/03/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/07/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - AEM.02244-10 [pii]
AID - 2244-10 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/AEM.02244-10 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 May;77(9):2934-42. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02244-10. Epub 
      2011 Mar 4.