PMID- 21398142
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110906
LR  - 20110427
IS  - 1096-0023 (Electronic)
IS  - 1043-4666 (Linking)
VI  - 54
IP  - 3
DP  - 2011 Jun
TI  - VEGF and IL-18 in induced sputum of lung cancer patients.
PG  - 277-81
LID - 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.02.014 [doi]
AB  - Cytokines are key players in the biological processes of malignant tumors and 
      special interest has been focused on cytokines exerting tumor and anti-tumor 
      properties, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Interleukin-18 
      (IL-18). Aim of this study was to assess IL-18 and VEGF levels in induced sputum 
      of lung cancer patients at diagnosis, and assess their possible association with 
      the histological type of cancer, the stage and the overall patient survival. 
      Seventy six patients with a diagnosis of lung cancer were recruited and were 
      followed up for 48months. Thirteen healthy smokers and 16 healthy non-smokers 
      were used as control groups. VEGF and IL-18 were measured by ELISA in sputum 
      supernatants at the time of diagnosis. Lung cancer patients had significantly 
      higher baseline IL-18 and VEGF levels compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). No 
      difference was found in IL-18 and VEGF levels between the various stages in 
      non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and between limited and extended small cell 
      lung cancer (SCLC). However, the ratio of VEGF/IL-18 was significantly higher in 
      NSCLC compared to SCLC patients (p=0.018). In extended SCLC overall survival was 
      inversely associated with baseline sputum VEGF levels (p=0.034) and estimated 
      mortality risk was 1.14 (95% CI 1.006-1.283) for an increase of 100pg/ml in VEGF 
      levels. Such association was not found regarding baseline IL-18 levels. VEGF 
      levels in induced sputum may have a prognostic role in the survival of SCLC. The 
      ratio VEGF/IL-18 in induced sputum differs between NSCLC and SCLC, indicating 
      differences in angiogenesis mechanisms and/or immunological response in these two 
      major histological types of lung cancer.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Rovina, Nikoletta
AU  - Rovina N
AD  - 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital, Athens Medical School, 
      National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. nikrovina@med.uoa.gr
FAU - Hillas, Georgios
AU  - Hillas G
FAU - Dima, Efrossini
AU  - Dima E
FAU - Vlastos, Fotis
AU  - Vlastos F
FAU - Loukides, Stylianos
AU  - Loukides S
FAU - Veldekis, Dimitrios
AU  - Veldekis D
FAU - Roussos, Charis
AU  - Roussos C
FAU - Alhanatis, Manos
AU  - Alhanatis M
FAU - Bakakos, Petros
AU  - Bakakos P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20110312
PL  - England
TA  - Cytokine
JT  - Cytokine
JID - 9005353
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-18)
RN  - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interleukin-18/*metabolism
MH  - Lung Neoplasms/*metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Risk
MH  - Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/metabolism
MH  - Smoking
MH  - Sputum/*metabolism
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*metabolism
EDAT- 2011/03/15 06:00
MHDA- 2011/09/07 06:00
CRDT- 2011/03/15 06:00
PHST- 2010/11/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/01/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/02/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/03/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/03/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/09/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1043-4666(11)00055-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.02.014 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cytokine. 2011 Jun;54(3):277-81. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.02.014. Epub 2011 Mar 
      12.