PMID- 21416206
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111130
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1528-1132 (Electronic)
IS  - 0009-921X (Print)
IS  - 0009-921X (Linking)
VI  - 469
IP  - 11
DP  - 2011 Nov
TI  - Molecular techniques to detect biofilm bacteria in long bone nonunion: a case 
      report.
PG  - 3037-42
LID - 10.1007/s11999-011-1843-9 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Biofilms cause chronic infections including those associated with 
      orthopaedic hardware. The only methods that are Food and Drug 
      Administration-approved for detecting and identifying bacterial infections are 
      cultures and selected DNA-based polymerase chain reaction methods that detect 
      only specific pathogens (eg, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). New 
      DNA-based technologies enable the detection and identification of all bacteria 
      present in a sample and to determine the antibiotic sensitivities of the 
      organisms. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 34-year-old man sustained an open tibia fracture. 
      He experienced 3 years of delayed healing and episodic pain. In addition to his 
      initial treatment, he underwent three additional surgeries to achieve fracture 
      healing. During the last two procedures, cultures were taken and samples were 
      tested with the IBIS T5000 and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In both 
      cases, the cultures were negative, but the IBIS and FISH confirmed the presence 
      of a biofilm within the tibial canal. LITERATURE REVIEW: Examinations of tissues 
      from biofilm infections, by DNA-based molecular methods and by direct microscopy, 
      have often found bacteria present despite negative cultures. Infections 
      associated with orthopaedic hardware may be caused by bacteria living in 
      biofilms, and these biofilm organisms are particularly difficult to detect by 
      routine culture methods. PURPOSES AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Rapid DNA-based 
      detection methods represent a potentially clinically useful tool in the detection 
      of bacterial biofilms. The sensitivity and clinical impact of the technology has 
      yet to be established.
FAU - Palmer, Michael
AU  - Palmer M
AD  - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Allegheny General Hospital, 1307 Federal 
      Street, 2nd Floor, Pittsburgh, 15212 PA, USA. mpp342@mac.com
FAU - Costerton, William
AU  - Costerton W
FAU - Sewecke, Jeffrey
AU  - Sewecke J
FAU - Altman, Daniel
AU  - Altman D
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Orthop Relat Res
JT  - Clinical orthopaedics and related research
JID - 0075674
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Bacterial Infections/diagnosis/*microbiology
MH  - *Biofilms
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
MH  - Fracture Healing
MH  - Fractures, Ununited/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/*microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Male
MH  - Prosthesis-Related Infections/*diagnosis/microbiology
MH  - Radiography
MH  - Tibial Fractures/*microbiology/surgery
PMC - PMC3183189
EDAT- 2011/03/19 06:00
MHDA- 2011/12/13 00:00
PMCR- 2012/11/01
CRDT- 2011/03/19 06:00
PHST- 2011/03/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/03/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/12/13 00:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1843 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11999-011-1843-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011 Nov;469(11):3037-42. doi: 10.1007/s11999-011-1843-9.