PMID- 21456955
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110721
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1091-7691 (Electronic)
IS  - 0895-8378 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 4
DP  - 2011 Mar
TI  - Exposure assessment of workplaces manufacturing nanosized TiO2 and silver.
PG  - 226-36
LID - 10.3109/08958378.2011.562567 [doi]
AB  - With the increased production and widespread use of nanomaterials, human and 
      environmental exposure to nanomaterials is inevitably increasing. Therefore, this 
      study monitored the possible exposure to nanoparticles at workplaces that 
      manufacture nano-TiO(2) and nano-silver. To estimate the potential exposure of 
      workers, personal sampling, area monitoring, and real-time monitoring using a 
      scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and dust monitor were conducted at 
      workplaces where the workers handle nanomaterials. The gravimetric concentrations 
      of TiO(2) ranged from 0.10 to 4.99 mg/m(3), which were lower than the 
      occupational exposure limit 10 mg/m(3) set by the Korean Ministry of Labor or 
      American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Meanwhile, the 
      silver metal concentrations ranged from 0.00002 to 0.00118 mg/m(3), which were 
      also lower than the silver dust 0.1 mg/m(3) and silver soluble compound 
      0.01 mg/m(3) occupational exposure limits set by the ACGIH. The particle number 
      concentrations at the nano-TiO(2) manufacturing workplaces ranged from 11,418 to 
      45,889 particles/cm(3) with a size range of 15-710.5 nm during the reaction, 
      although the concentration decreased to 14,000 particles/cm(3) when the reaction 
      was stopped. The particle concentrations at the TiO(2) manufacturing workplaces 
      increased during the reactor and vacuum pump operations, and during the 
      collection of the synthesized TiO(2) particles. Similarly, the particle 
      concentrations at the silver nanoparticle manufacturing workplaces increased when 
      the sodium citrates were weighed or reacted with the silver nitrates, and during 
      the cleaning of the workplace. The number of silver nanoparticles in the samples 
      obtained from the workplace manufacturing silver nanoparticles using induced 
      coupled plasma ranged from 57,789 to 2,373,309 particles/cm(3) inside the reactor 
      with an average size of 20-30 nm and 535-25,022 particles/cm(3) with a wide range 
      of particle sizes due to agglomeration or aggregation after the release of 
      nanoparticles into the workplace air. In contrast, the silver nanoparticles 
      manufactured by the wet method ranged from 393 to 3526 particle/cm(3) with an 
      average size of 50 nm. Thus, when taken together, the TiO(2) and silver 
      nanoparticle concentrations were relatively lower than existing occupational 
      exposure limits.
FAU - Lee, Ji Hyun
AU  - Lee JH
AD  - Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kwon, Miran
AU  - Kwon M
FAU - Ji, Jun Ho
AU  - Ji JH
FAU - Kang, Chang Soo
AU  - Kang CS
FAU - Ahn, Kang Ho
AU  - Ahn KH
FAU - Han, Jeong Hee
AU  - Han JH
FAU - Yu, Il Je
AU  - Yu IJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Inhal Toxicol
JT  - Inhalation toxicology
JID - 8910739
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational)
RN  - 0 (Dust)
RN  - 15FIX9V2JP (titanium dioxide)
RN  - 3M4G523W1G (Silver)
RN  - D1JT611TNE (Titanium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollutants, Occupational
MH  - Dust/analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inhalation Exposure/standards
MH  - Metal Nanoparticles/*analysis
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
MH  - *Occupational Exposure
MH  - Occupational Health
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Silver/*analysis
MH  - Titanium/*analysis
EDAT- 2011/04/05 06:00
MHDA- 2011/07/22 06:00
CRDT- 2011/04/05 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/04/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/07/22 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.3109/08958378.2011.562567 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Inhal Toxicol. 2011 Mar;23(4):226-36. doi: 10.3109/08958378.2011.562567.