PMID- 21458020
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110707
LR  - 20161125
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 83
IP  - 10
DP  - 2011 May
TI  - "Novel" brominated flame retardants in Belgian and UK indoor dust: implications 
      for human exposure.
PG  - 1360-5
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.078 [doi]
AB  - Concentrations of several "novel" brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) are 
      reported in indoor dust samples from Belgian houses (n=39) and offices (n=6) and 
      from day-care centers and schools in the West Midlands of the UK (n=36). Using a 
      GC-ECNI/MS method, the following NBFRs were quantified: decabromodiphenyl ethane 
      (DBDPE) (range <20-2470 ng g(-1)), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) 
      (range <0.5-1740 ng g(-1)), tetrabromobisphenol A-bis(2,3-dibromopropylether) 
      (TBBPA-DBPE) (range <20-9960 ng g(-1)), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate 
      (TBB) (range <2-436 ng g(-1)) and bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate 
      (TBPH) (range <2-6175 ng g(-1)). Hexachlorocyclopentadienyl-dibromocyclooctane 
      (HCDBCO), another NBFR, was below the detection limit of 2 ng g(-1) dust in all 
      dust samples. No correlation was detected between concentrations of NBFRs and 
      PBDEs. The ratio of TBB:TBPH in the dust samples ranged from 0.01 to 4.77 
      (average 0.42), compared to the ratio present in the commercial flame retardant 
      product FM 550 (TBB:TBPH=4:1). Furthermore, no correlation was detected between 
      concentrations in dust of TBB and TBPH. This may suggest different sources of 
      these NBFRs, or similar sources but compound-specific differences in their indoor 
      fate and transport. Exposure via dust ingestion was estimated for both adults and 
      toddlers under low-end (5th percentile), typical (median), and high-end (95th 
      percentile concentrations) scenarios. These were calculated assuming 100% 
      absorption of intake dust and using mean dust ingestion (adults=20 mg d(-1); for 
      toddlers=50 mg d(-1)) and high dust ingestion (adults=50 mg d(-1); for 
      toddlers=200 mg d(-1)). Typical exposure with high dust ingestion estimates for 
      adults were 0.01, 0.2, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.08 ng kg(-1) bw d(-1) and for toddlers 
      0.05, 1.9, 0.08, 0.4 and 1.12 ng kg(-1) bw d(-1) for BTBPE, DBDPE, TBB, TBPH and 
      TBBPA-DBPE, respectively. Our results showed that, similar to PBDEs, toddlers 
      have higher exposure to NBFRs than adults. This study documents the presence of 
      NBFRs in indoor environments, and emphasizes the need to evaluate the health 
      implications of exposure to such chemicals.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ali, Nadeem
AU  - Ali N
AD  - Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 
      Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium.
FAU - Harrad, Stuart
AU  - Harrad S
FAU - Goosey, Emma
AU  - Goosey E
FAU - Neels, Hugo
AU  - Neels H
FAU - Covaci, Adrian
AU  - Covaci A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110331
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Bromine Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Dust)
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Belgium
MH  - Bromine Compounds/*analysis
MH  - Child
MH  - Child Day Care Centers/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Dust/*analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Flame Retardants/*analysis
MH  - Housing/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Inhalation Exposure/statistics & numerical data
MH  - United Kingdom
MH  - Workplace/statistics & numerical data
EDAT- 2011/04/05 06:00
MHDA- 2011/07/08 06:00
CRDT- 2011/04/05 06:00
PHST- 2010/11/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/02/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/02/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/04/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/04/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/07/08 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0045-6535(11)00242-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.078 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2011 May;83(10):1360-5. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.078. Epub 
      2011 Mar 31.