PMID- 21461816
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110801
LR  - 20110404
IS  - 1940-6029 (Electronic)
IS  - 1064-3745 (Linking)
VI  - 735
DP  - 2011
TI  - CO-FISH, COD-FISH, ReD-FISH, SKY-FISH.
PG  - 113-24
LID - 10.1007/978-1-61779-092-8_11 [doi]
AB  - Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become a powerful tool for 
      exploring genomes at the level of chromosomes. The procedure can be used to 
      identify individual chromosomes, rearrangements between chromosomes, and the 
      location within a chromosome of specific DNA sequences such as centromeres, 
      telomeres, and even individual genes. Chromosome orientation FISH (CO-FISH) 
      extends the information obtainable from standard FISH to include the relative 
      orientation of two or more DNA sequences within a chromosome (Goodwin and Meyne, 
      Cytogenet Cell Genet 63:126-127, 1993). In combination with a suitable reference 
      probe, CO-FISH can also determine the absolute 5'-3' direction of a DNA sequence 
      relative to the short arm (pter) to long arm (qter) axis of the chromosome. This 
      variation of CO-FISH was originally termed "COD-FISH" (Chromosome orientation and 
      direction FISH) to reflect this fact (Meyne and Goodwin, Chromosome Research 
      3:375-378, 1995). Telomeric DNA serves as a convenient and absolute reference 
      probe for this purpose, since all G-rich 5'-(TTAGGG)( n )-3' telomeric sequences 
      are terminally located and oriented away from the centromere.In the beginning, 
      CO-FISH was used to detect obligate chromosomal inversions associated with 
      isochromosome formation (Bailey et al., Mutagenesis 11:139-144, 1996), various 
      pericentric inversions (Bailey et al., Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 75:248-253, 
      1996), and to confirm the origin of centromeric lateral asymmetry (Goodwin et 
      al., Chromosoma 104:345-347, 1996). More recent and sophisticated applications of 
      CO-FISH include distinction between telomeres produced via leading- vs. 
      lagging-strand DNA synthesis (Bailey et al., Science 293:2462-2465, 2001), 
      identification of interstitial blocks of telomere sequence that result from 
      inappropriate fusion to double-strand breaks (telomere-DSB fusion) (Bailey et 
      al., DNA Repair (Amst) 3:349-357, 2004), discovery of elevated rates of mitotic 
      recombination at chromosomal termini (Cornforth and Eberle, Mutagenesis, 
      16:85-89, 2001) and sister chromatid exchange within telomeric DNA (T-SCE) 
      (Bailey et al., Nucleic Acids Res 32:3743-3751, 2004), establishing replication 
      timing of mammalian telomeres throughout S-phase (ReD-FISH) (Cornforth et al., 
      In: Cold Spring Harbor Symposium: Telomeres and Telomerase, Cold Spring Harbor, 
      NY, 2003; Zou et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:12928-12933, 2004) and in 
      combination with -spectral karyotyping (SKY-CO-FISH) (Williams et al., Cancer Res 
      69:2100-2107, 2009). For more information, the reader is referred to several 
      reviews (Bailey et al., Cytogenet Genome Res 107, 14-17, 2004; Bailey and 
      Cornforth, Cell Mol Life Sci 64:2956-2964, 2007; Bailey, Telomeres and 
      Double-Strand Breaks - All's Well that "Ends" Well, Radiat Res 169:1-7, 2008).
FAU - Williams, Eli S
AU  - Williams ES
AD  - Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State 
      University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
FAU - Cornforth, Michael N
AU  - Cornforth MN
FAU - Goodwin, Edwin H
AU  - Goodwin EH
FAU - Bailey, Susan M
AU  - Bailey SM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Methods Mol Biol
JT  - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
JID - 9214969
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - DNA/genetics
MH  - DNA Replication
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/*methods
MH  - Physical Chromosome Mapping
MH  - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
MH  - Telomere/*genetics/metabolism
EDAT- 2011/04/05 06:00
MHDA- 2011/08/02 06:00
CRDT- 2011/04/05 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/04/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/08/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/978-1-61779-092-8_11 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Methods Mol Biol. 2011;735:113-24. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-092-8_11.