PMID- 21479949
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120210
LR  - 20111021
IS  - 1863-2661 (Electronic)
IS  - 1863-2653 (Linking)
VI  - 216
IP  - 4
DP  - 2011 Nov
TI  - Organisation and chemical neuroanatomy of the African elephant (Loxodonta 
      africana) olfactory bulb.
PG  - 403-16
LID - 10.1007/s00429-011-0316-y [doi]
AB  - The olfactory system of mammals can be divided into a main and accessory 
      olfactory system with initial processing for each system occurring in the 
      olfactory bulb. The main and accessory olfactory bulbs have similar structural 
      features, even though they appear to be functionally independent. In mammals the 
      main olfactory bulb (MOB) is also one of two established sites of lifelong 
      generation of new cells. The present study describes the histological and 
      immunohistochemical neuroanatomy of the olfactory bulb of the African elephant 
      (Loxodonta africana). The morphology of MOB of the elephant does not differ 
      significantly from that described in other mammals; however, it lacks the 
      internal plexiform layer. In addition, the glomeruli of the glomerular layer are 
      organised in 2-4 "honey-combed" layers, a feature not commonly observed. The cell 
      types and structures revealed with immunohistochemical stains (parvalbumin, 
      calbindin, calretinin, tyrosine hydroxylase, orexin-A, glial fibrillary acidic 
      protein) were similar to other mammals. Neurogenesis was examined using the 
      neurogenic marker doublecortin. Migration of newly generated cells was observed 
      in most layers of the MOB. No accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) was observed. Based 
      on the general anatomy and the immunohistochemical observations, it is evident 
      that the morphology of the African elephant MOB is, for the most part, similar to 
      that of all mammals, although very large in absolute size.
CI  - (c) Springer-Verlag 2011
FAU - Ngwenya, Ayanda
AU  - Ngwenya A
AD  - School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
FAU - Patzke, Nina
AU  - Patzke N
FAU - Ihunwo, Amadi O
AU  - Ihunwo AO
FAU - Manger, Paul R
AU  - Manger PR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110411
PL  - Germany
TA  - Brain Struct Funct
JT  - Brain structure & function
JID - 101282001
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Movement/physiology
MH  - *Elephants
MH  - Histological Techniques
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Neurogenesis/*physiology
MH  - Olfactory Bulb/*anatomy & histology/*chemistry
EDAT- 2011/04/12 06:00
MHDA- 2012/02/11 06:00
CRDT- 2011/04/12 06:00
PHST- 2011/02/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/03/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/04/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/04/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/02/11 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00429-011-0316-y [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Brain Struct Funct. 2011 Nov;216(4):403-16. doi: 10.1007/s00429-011-0316-y. Epub 
      2011 Apr 11.