PMID- 21492384
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110804
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1467-2995 (Electronic)
IS  - 1467-2987 (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 3
DP  - 2011 May
TI  - The effect of midazolam on the end-tidal concentration of isoflurane necessary to 
      prevent movement in dogs.
PG  - 195-202
LID - 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00615.x [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the possible additive effect of midazolam, a GABA(A) 
      agonist, on the end-tidal concentration of isoflurane that prevents movement 
      (MAC(NM) ) in response to noxious stimulation. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized 
      cross-over experimental study. ANIMALS: Six healthy, adult intact male, 
      mixed-breed dogs. METHODS: After baseline isoflurane MAC(NM) (MAC(NM-B) ) 
      determination, midazolam was administered as a low (LDS), medium (MDS) or high 
      (HDS) dose series of midazolam. Each series consisted of two dose levels, low and 
      high. The LDS was a loading dose (Ld) of 0.2 mg kg(-1) and constant rate infusion 
      (CRI) (2.5 mug kg(-1) minute(-1)) (LDL), followed by an Ld (0.4 mg kg(-1)) and CRI 
      (5 mug kg(-1) minute(-1)) (LDH). The MDS was an Ld (0.8 mg kg(-1)) and CRI (10 mug 
      kg(-1) minute(-1)) (MDL) followed by an Ld (1.6 mg kg(-1)) and CRI (20 mug kg(-1) 
      minute(-1)) (MDH). The HDS was an Ld (3.2 mg kg(-1)) and CRI (40 mug kg(-1) 
      minute(-1)) (HDL) followed by an Ld (6.4 mg kg(-1)) and CRI (80 mug kg(-1) 
      minute(-1)) (HDH). MAC(NM) was re-determined after each dose in each series 
      (MAC(NM-T)). RESULTS: The median MAC(NM-B) was 1.42. MAC(NM-B) did not differ 
      among groups (p > 0.05). Percentage reduction in MAC(NM) was significantly less 
      in the LDS (11 +/- 5%) compared with MDS (30 +/- 5%) and HDS (32 +/- 5%). There was a 
      weak correlation between the plasma midazolam concentration and percentage 
      MAC(NM) reduction (r = 0.36). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Midazolam doses 
      in the range of 10-80 mug kg(-1) minute(-1) significantly reduced the isoflurane 
      MAC(NM) . However, doses greater than 10 mug kg(-1) minute(-1) did not further 
      decrease MAC(NM) indicating a ceiling effect.
CI  - (c) 2011 The Authors. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia (c) 2011 Association of 
      Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary 
      Anesthesiologists.
FAU - Seddighi, Reza
AU  - Seddighi R
AD  - Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. mrsed@utk.edu
FAU - Egger, Christine M
AU  - Egger CM
FAU - Rohrbach, Barton W
AU  - Rohrbach BW
FAU - Cox, Sherry K
AU  - Cox SK
FAU - Doherty, Thomas J
AU  - Doherty TJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PL  - United States
TA  - Vet Anaesth Analg
JT  - Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
JID - 100956422
RN  - 0 (Anesthetics, Inhalation)
RN  - 0 (Hypnotics and Sedatives)
RN  - CYS9AKD70P (Isoflurane)
RN  - R60L0SM5BC (Midazolam)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anesthesia, Inhalation/methods/*veterinary
MH  - Anesthetics, Inhalation/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Dogs/*surgery
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology
MH  - Isoflurane/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Male
MH  - Midazolam/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology
MH  - Movement/*drug effects
EDAT- 2011/04/16 06:00
MHDA- 2011/08/05 06:00
CRDT- 2011/04/16 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/04/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/08/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1467-2987(16)30649-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00615.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Anaesth Analg. 2011 May;38(3):195-202. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00615.x.