PMID- 21497767
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110818
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 1878-7398 (Electronic)
IS  - 1550-8579 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 1
DP  - 2011 Feb
TI  - Gender differences in locomotor and stereotypic behavior associated with 
      l-carnitine treatment in mice.
PG  - 1-13
LID - 10.1016/j.genm.2011.02.003 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The carnitines exert neuroprotective and neuromodulatory actions, and 
      carnitine supplementation increases locomotor activity (LMA) in experimental 
      animals. METHODS: We measured 13 indexes of LMA and 3 indexes of stereotypic 
      activity (STA) in adult male and female caged mice. In a randomized 4-week trial, 
      10 males and 10 females received 50 mg/kg body weight PO l-carnitine, and another 
      10 males and 10 females received placebo. RESULTS: Compared with placebo-treated 
      females, placebo-treated males had a greater number of stereotypies (NSTs), 
      stereotypy counts (STCs), stereotypy time (STT), and right front time (RFT), but 
      smaller total distance traveled (TDT), margin distance (MD), number of vertical 
      movements (NVMs), and left rear time (LRT). Compared with placebo-treated males, 
      carnitine-treated males had greater horizontal activity (HA), movement time (MT), 
      NVM, STT, TDT, STC, MD, LRT, and clockwise revolutions (CRs), but smaller left 
      front time (LFT) and RFT. Compared with placebo-treated females, 
      carnitine-treated females had greater NST, STC, STT, LFT, and RFT, but smaller 
      NM, HA, NVM, VA, MT, anticlockwise revolutions (ACRs), CR, TDT, and MD; right 
      rear time (RRT) remained statistically insignificant across all comparisons. 
      CONCLUSIONS: In summary, l-carnitine caused gender differences to persist for 
      STC, diminish for NST and STT, disappear for LRT and NVM, change in the opposite 
      direction for TDT and MD, appear de novo for HA, VA, NM, MT, and LFT, and remain 
      absent for RRT and ACR. Some indexes of LMA and STA are sexually dimorphic in 
      adult mice, and l-carnitine differentially maintains, diminishes/cancels, 
      inverts, or creates the sexual dimorphism of particular indexes.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Benvenga, Salvatore
AU  - Benvenga S
AD  - Sezione di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento Clinico Sperimentale di Medicina e 
      Farmacologia, dell'Adolescenza e della Donna, Universita di Messina, Messina, 
      Italy. s.benvenga@me.nettuno.it
FAU - Itri, Elenora
AU  - Itri E
FAU - Hauser, Peter
AU  - Hauser P
FAU - De Tolla, Louis
AU  - De Tolla L
FAU - Yu, Sui-Foh
AU  - Yu SF
FAU - Testa, Giuseppe
AU  - Testa G
FAU - Pappalardo, Maria Angela
AU  - Pappalardo MA
FAU - Trimarchi, Francesco
AU  - Trimarchi F
FAU - Amato, Antonino
AU  - Amato A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Gend Med
JT  - Gender medicine
JID - 101225178
RN  - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents)
RN  - S7UI8SM58A (Carnitine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Behavior, Animal
MH  - Carnitine/*administration & dosage
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Motor Activity/*drug effects
MH  - Neuroprotective Agents/*administration & dosage
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Stereotyped Behavior/*drug effects
EDAT- 2011/04/19 06:00
MHDA- 2011/08/19 06:00
CRDT- 2011/04/19 06:00
PHST- 2010/09/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/02/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/02/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/04/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/04/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/08/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1550-8579(11)00008-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.genm.2011.02.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Gend Med. 2011 Feb;8(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.genm.2011.02.003.