PMID- 21498280
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110811
LR  - 20161125
IS  - 1600-0455 (Electronic)
IS  - 0284-1851 (Linking)
VI  - 52
IP  - 5
DP  - 2011 Jun 1
TI  - The optimal contrast media policy in CT of the liver. Part II: Clinical 
      protocols.
PG  - 473-80
LID - 10.1258/ar.2011.100500 [doi]
AB  - The advent of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) revolutionized abdominal 
      imaging. In particular, the definitive assessment of CT injection protocols, for 
      the evaluation of the liver parenchyma, is still a critical issue for 
      radiologists. Over the last years, this feature encouraged several authors to 
      address their efforts to find the most accurate delay between the contrast medium 
      injection and the effective scan-start, for the identification and 
      characterization of liver lesions. Technological developments of the present 
      century such as number of slices, submillimetric collimation, and the use of 
      multiple dynamic post-contrast phases per single examination, may all contribute 
      to increase the radiation exposure of single patients. The aim of this review is 
      to propose liver imaging protocols, taking into consideration different clinical 
      needs such as patients with chronic liver disease, healthy patients with focal 
      liver lesion, and oncological patients to minimize radiation exposure. Finally, 
      two recent innovations in MDCT which illustrate the potential application of 
      multi-energy computed tomography (MECT) and perfusion computed tomography (CTp) 
      when evaluating liver parenchyma will be discussed in a short closing paragraph.
FAU - Rengo, Marco
AU  - Rengo M
AD  - Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, University of 
      Rome Sapienza, Italy.
FAU - Bellini, Davide
AU  - Bellini D
FAU - De Cecco, Carlo N
AU  - De Cecco CN
FAU - Osimani, Marcello
AU  - Osimani M
FAU - Vecchietti, Fabrizio
AU  - Vecchietti F
FAU - Caruso, Damiano
AU  - Caruso D
FAU - Maceroni, Marco M
AU  - Maceroni MM
FAU - Lucchesi, Paola
AU  - Lucchesi P
FAU - Iafrate, Franco
AU  - Iafrate F
FAU - Palombo, Erica
AU  - Palombo E
FAU - Paolantonio, Pasquale
AU  - Paolantonio P
FAU - Ferrari, Riccardo
AU  - Ferrari R
FAU - Laghi, Andrea
AU  - Laghi A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20110328
PL  - England
TA  - Acta Radiol
JT  - Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)
JID - 8706123
RN  - 0 (Contrast Media)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Clinical Protocols
MH  - *Contrast Media/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liver Diseases/*diagnostic imaging
MH  - Radiation Dosage
MH  - Radiation Protection
MH  - Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods
MH  - Radiography, Abdominal/*methods/trends
MH  - Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods/trends
EDAT- 2011/04/19 06:00
MHDA- 2011/08/13 06:00
CRDT- 2011/04/19 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/04/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/08/13 06:00 [medline]
AID - ar.2011.100500 [pii]
AID - 10.1258/ar.2011.100500 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acta Radiol. 2011 Jun 1;52(5):473-80. doi: 10.1258/ar.2011.100500. Epub 2011 Mar 
      28.