PMID- 21505999
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130408
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1672-0733 (Print)
IS  - 1672-0733 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 2
DP  - 2011 Apr
TI  - Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid 
      chromatography for the determination of clozapine and chlorpromazine in urine.
PG  - 277-284
LID - 10.1007/s11596-011-0266-x [doi]
AB  - A simple method has been proposed for the determination of clozapine (CLZ) and 
      chlorpromazine (CPZ) in human urine by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction 
      (DLLME) in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet 
      detector (HPLC-UV). All important variables influencing the extraction 
      efficiency, such as pH, types of the extraction solvent and the disperser solvent 
      and their volume, ionic strength and centrifugation time were investigated and 
      optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LODs) and 
      quantification (LOQs) of the method were 13 and 39 ng/mL for CLZ, and 2 and 6 
      ng/mL for CPZ, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the 
      targets were less than 5.1% (C=0.100 mug/mL, n=9). Good linear behaviors over the 
      tested concentration ranges were obtained with the values of R (2)>0.999 for the 
      targets. The absolute extraction efficiencies of CLZ and CPZ from the spiked 
      blank urine samples were 98.3% and 97.8%, respectively. The applicability of the 
      technique was validated by analyzing urine samples and the mean recoveries for 
      spiked urine samples ranged from 93.3% to 105.0%. The method was successfully 
      applied for the determination of CLZ and CPZ in real human urine.
FAU - Chen, Jing
AU  - Chen J
AD  - Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resources Evaluation of Hubei 
      Province, College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of 
      Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
FAU - Xiong, Chaomei
AU  - Xiong C
AD  - Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resources Evaluation of Hubei 
      Province, College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of 
      Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. cmxiong2002@yahoo.com.cn.
FAU - Ruan, Jinlan
AU  - Ruan J
AD  - Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resources Evaluation of Hubei 
      Province, College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of 
      Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
FAU - Su, Zou
AU  - Su Z
AD  - The Second Psychiatric Hospital, Wuhan, 430084, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110420
PL  - China
TA  - J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci
JT  - Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua 
      zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. 
      Yixue Yingdewen ban
JID - 101169627
RN  - 0 (Antipsychotic Agents)
RN  - J60AR2IKIC (Clozapine)
RN  - U42B7VYA4P (Chlorpromazine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antipsychotic Agents/urine
MH  - Chlorpromazine/*urine
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/*methods
MH  - Clozapine/*urine
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liquid Phase Microextraction/*methods
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Ultraviolet Rays
EDAT- 2011/04/21 06:00
MHDA- 2013/04/09 06:00
CRDT- 2011/04/21 06:00
PHST- 2010/09/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/04/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/04/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/04/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s11596-011-0266-x [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11596-011-0266-x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2011 Apr;31(2):277-284. doi: 
      10.1007/s11596-011-0266-x. Epub 2011 Apr 20.