PMID- 21511026
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111004
LR  - 20121115
IS  - 1096-1208 (Electronic)
IS  - 0882-4010 (Linking)
VI  - 51
IP  - 3
DP  - 2011 Sep
TI  - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes apoptosis 
      during its replication in fetal implantation sites.
PG  - 194-202
LID - 10.1016/j.micpath.2011.04.001 [doi]
AB  - Reproductive failure due to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 
      (PRRSV) is characterized by late-term abortions, early farrowing and an increase 
      of dead and mummified fetuses and weak-born piglets. The mechanism of 
      PRRSV-induced reproductive failure is poorly understood. Human pregnancies, 
      complicated by some pathogens leading to reproductive disorders exhibit increased 
      apoptosis in the fetal membranes. Because PRRSV-target cells are present in 
      endometrium/fetal placentas from healthy sows and PRRSV-infected macrophages in 
      other organs die by apoptosis, we hypothesized that PRRSV can replicate and 
      induce apoptosis in the fetal implantation sites at the last stage of gestation. 
      In the present study, identification, localization and quantification of the 
      PRRSV-positive and apoptotic cells were performed in the fetal implantation 
      sites. Three dams were inoculated intranasally with 10(5) TCID(50) PRRSV 07V063 
      at 90 days of gestation and sampled at 10 days post-inoculation. Two 
      non-inoculated dams that were euthanized at 100 days of gestation served as 
      control animals. Inoculation of the dams resulted in a viremia that lasted until 
      the end of the study. Transplacental PRRSV spread was detected in all inoculated 
      dams. Using immunofluorescence staining, single PRRSV-positive cells were found 
      in the endometrial connective tissues adjacent to both PRRSV-positive and 
      PRRSV-negative fetuses. In the fetal placental mesenchyme of the PRRSV-positive 
      fetuses, infected cells were more abundant and spread focally. Double staining 
      showed that all PRRSV-positive cells in the fetal implantation sites were 
      positive for sialoadhesin and CD163. Apoptotic cells (TUNEL+) were detected in 
      endometrium and fetal placentas of both non- and PRRSV-inoculated dams. The 
      number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in PRRSV-positive 
      endometrium/fetal placentas. PRRSV caused apoptosis in infected cells since 
      20-61% of PRRSV-positive cells were apoptotic and in surrounding cells since 
      43-91% of the apoptotic cells were virus-negative. The main conclusion obtained 
      from the present study is that PRRSV replicates in the fetal implantation sites 
      and causes apoptosis in infected macrophages and surrounding cells at the last 
      stage of gestation. The possible mode of PRRSV replication in the fetal 
      implantation sites and the events that might contribute to the reproductive 
      disorders are discussed.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Karniychuk, Uladzimir U
AU  - Karniychuk UU
AD  - Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 
      Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. uladzimir.karniychuk@ugent.be
FAU - Saha, Dipongkor
AU  - Saha D
FAU - Geldhof, Marc
AU  - Geldhof M
FAU - Vanhee, Merijn
AU  - Vanhee M
FAU - Cornillie, Pieter
AU  - Cornillie P
FAU - Van den Broeck, Wim
AU  - Van den Broeck W
FAU - Nauwynck, Hans J
AU  - Nauwynck HJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110413
PL  - England
TA  - Microb Pathog
JT  - Microbial pathogenesis
JID - 8606191
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic)
RN  - 0 (CD163 antigen)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (SIGLEC1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens, CD/analysis
MH  - Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis
MH  - *Apoptosis
MH  - Endometrium/pathology/virology
MH  - Female
MH  - Maternal-Fetal Exchange
MH  - Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
MH  - Placenta/pathology/virology
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/*pathology/*virology
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*pathogenicity
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
MH  - Receptors, Immunologic/analysis
MH  - Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1
MH  - Swine
EDAT- 2011/04/23 06:00
MHDA- 2011/10/05 06:00
CRDT- 2011/04/23 06:00
PHST- 2011/01/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/03/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/04/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/04/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/04/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/10/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0882-4010(11)00065-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.micpath.2011.04.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Microb Pathog. 2011 Sep;51(3):194-202. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2011.04.001. Epub 
      2011 Apr 13.