PMID- 21524383
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110930
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1944-7930 (Electronic)
IS  - 1539-6509 (Print)
IS  - 1539-6509 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 59
DP  - 2011 Apr
TI  - Autoantigen based vaccines for type 1 diabetes.
PG  - 293-301
AB  - Type 1 diabetes is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by chronic 
      inflammation (insulitis), which damages the insulin producing beta-cells of the 
      pancreatic Islets of Langerhans. Dendritic cells (DCs) are generally the first 
      cells of the immune system to process beta-cell autoantigens and, by promoting 
      autoreactivity, play a major role in the onset of insulitis. Although no cure for 
      diabetes presently exists, the onset of insulitis can be diminished in the 
      non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse type 1 diabetes model by inoculation with 
      endogenous beta-cell autoantigens. These include the single peptide vaccines 
      insulin, GAD(65) (glutamic acid decarboxylase), and DiaPep277 (an immunogenic 
      peptide from the 60-kDa heat shock protein). DiaPep277 is the only autoantigen so 
      far to demonstrate positive results in human clinical trials. Diamyd (an alum 
      adjuvant + recombinant GAD(65) protein formulation) has shown great promise for 
      suppressing beta-cell autoreactivity in phase I and II clinical trials. While Diamyd 
      preserved residual insulin secretion in early-onset type 1 diabetes patients, it 
      did not reduce the amounts of insulin required to maintain euglycemia. Recently, 
      multi-component vaccines composed of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and 
      insulin or GAD(55) linked to an immunostimulatory molecule, the cholera toxin B 
      subunit, were shown to safely and completely inhibit diabetes onset in NOD mice. 
      This result suggests that multi-component vaccine strategies are promising for 
      prevention and reversal of diabetes autoimmunity in humans. Here we focus on the 
      development of autoantigen vaccines for type 1 diabetes and demonstrate that 
      multi-component vaccines are promising candidates for type 1 diabetes clinical 
      studies.
FAU - Nicholas, Dequina
AU  - Nicholas D
AD  - Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 
      Loma Linda University School of Medicine, California 92354, USA.
FAU - Odumosu, Oludare
AU  - Odumosu O
FAU - Langridge, William H R
AU  - Langridge WH
LA  - eng
GR  - F31 GM101961/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 DK063576/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Discov Med
JT  - Discovery medicine
JID - 101250006
RN  - 0 (Autoantigens)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Autoantigens/*immunology
MH  - Dendritic Cells/immunology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*immunology/pathology/*prevention & control
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunotherapy
MH  - Peptides/immunology/therapeutic use
MH  - Vaccines/*immunology
PMC - PMC6474774
MID - NIHMS438281
COIS- Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2011/04/29 06:00
MHDA- 2011/10/01 06:00
PMCR- 2019/04/19
CRDT- 2011/04/29 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/04/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/10/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/04/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Discov Med. 2011 Apr;11(59):293-301.