PMID- 21527668
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130708
LR  - 20211203
IS  - 1522-1601 (Electronic)
IS  - 0161-7567 (Linking)
VI  - 111
IP  - 1
DP  - 2011 Jul
TI  - An amino acid mixture enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in isolated rat 
      epitrochlearis muscle.
PG  - 163-9
LID - 10.1152/japplphysiol.01368.2010 [doi]
AB  - Protein and certain amino acids (AA) have been found to lower blood glucose. 
      Although these glucose-lowering AA are important modulators of skeletal muscle 
      metabolism, their impact on muscle glucose uptake remains unclear. We therefore 
      examined how an AA mixture consisting of 2 mM isoleucine, 0.012 mM cysteine, 
      0.006 mM methionine, 0.0016 mM valine, and 0.014 mM leucine impacts skeletal 
      muscle glucose uptake in the absence or presence of a submaximal (sINS) or 
      maximal insulin (mINS) concentration. The AA mixture, sINS, and mINS 
      significantly increased 2-[(3)H]deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake by 63, 79, and 298% 
      above basal, respectively. When the AA mixture was combined with sINS and mINS, 
      2-DG uptake was further increased significantly by 26% (P = 0.028) and 14% (P = 
      0.032), respectively. Western blotting analysis revealed that the AA mixture 
      increased basal and sINS Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation, while 
      AA mixture did not change phosphorylation of Akt or mammalian target of rapamycin 
      (mTOR) under these conditions. Interestingly, addition of the AA mixture to mINS 
      increased phosphorylation of mTOR, Akt as well as AS160, compared with mINS 
      alone. These data suggest that certain AA increase glucose uptake in the absence 
      of insulin and augment insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in an additive manner. 
      Furthermore, these effects appear to be mediated via a pathway that is 
      independent from the canonical insulin cascade and therefore may prove effective 
      as an alternative therapeutic treatment for insulin resistance.
FAU - Kleinert, Maximilian
AU  - Kleinert M
AD  - Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, 
      Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
FAU - Liao, Yi-Hung
AU  - Liao YH
FAU - Nelson, Jeffrey L
AU  - Nelson JL
FAU - Bernard, Jeffrey R
AU  - Bernard JR
FAU - Wang, Wanyi
AU  - Wang W
FAU - Ivy, John L
AU  - Ivy JL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20110428
PL  - United States
TA  - J Appl Physiol (1985)
JT  - Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
JID - 8502536
RN  - 0 (Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (GTPase-Activating Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (TBC1D4 protein, rat)
RN  - 0 (Tubulin)
RN  - 020IUV4N33 (Phosphocreatine)
RN  - 04Y7590D77 (Isoleucine)
RN  - 8L70Q75FXE (Adenosine Triphosphate)
RN  - 9G2MP84A8W (Deoxyglucose)
RN  - AE28F7PNPL (Methionine)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.1 (mTOR protein, rat)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - GMW67QNF9C (Leucine)
RN  - HG18B9YRS7 (Valine)
RN  - K848JZ4886 (Cysteine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
MH  - Amino Acids/*metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Cysteine/metabolism
MH  - Deoxyglucose/*metabolism
MH  - *Energy Metabolism
MH  - GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism
MH  - In Vitro Techniques
MH  - Insulin/*metabolism
MH  - Isoleucine/metabolism
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Leucine/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Methionine/metabolism
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism
MH  - Phosphocreatine/metabolism
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
MH  - Tubulin/metabolism
MH  - Valine/metabolism
EDAT- 2011/04/30 06:00
MHDA- 2013/07/09 06:00
CRDT- 2011/04/30 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/04/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/07/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - japplphysiol.01368.2010 [pii]
AID - 10.1152/japplphysiol.01368.2010 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 Jul;111(1):163-9. doi: 
      10.1152/japplphysiol.01368.2010. Epub 2011 Apr 28.