PMID- 21545448
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110906
LR  - 20161020
IS  - 0144-6657 (Print)
IS  - 0144-6657 (Linking)
VI  - 50
IP  - 2
DP  - 2011 Jun
TI  - Clinical correlates of olfactory hallucinations in schizophrenia.
PG  - 145-63
LID - 10.1348/014466510X500837 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES. Olfactory hallucinations (OHs) are underrepresented in conventional 
      clinical instruments, infrequently researched, and poorly understood. To advance 
      understanding of OHs, we examined their past-month prevalence and co-occurring 
      symptoms in two datasets. DESIGN. One dataset comprised categorical codes and was 
      examined using homogeneity analysis and logistic regression; the other dataset 
      comprised numeric ratings and was examined using principal components analyses 
      and linear regression. METHOD. The two datasets included: (1) 962 cases with 
      Present State Examination - 9th Edition (PSE-9), codes (recoded present/absent) 
      from the World Health Organization 10 Country (WHO-10) Study and (2) 265 cases 
      with ratings on Scales for Assessing Positive/Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia 
      (SAPS/SANS). Two PSE-9 items (external- and self-smells) were recoded into a 
      single OH item to examine consistency with the SAPS/SANS dataset, which contained 
      a single OH item. RESULTS. Prevalence of OHs and hallucinations in other 
      modalities differed according to the WHO-10 international centre. Across centres, 
      OHs were present in 13% of the WHO-10 dataset, similar to the 17% prevalence rate 
      in the SAPS/SANS dataset. Referential/control delusions and other hallucinations 
      (particularly, somatic/tactile/gustatory hallucinations) were significant 
      independent correlates of OHs in both datasets. OHs also co-occurred with social 
      anxiety and depression in the WHO-10 dataset, with self-smells being particularly 
      associated with self-depreciation. CONCLUSIONS. Sociocultural factors may 
      modulate the self-reporting and/or detection of OHs and hallucinations in other 
      modalities. Referential/control delusions promote the generation and/or 
      maintenance of OHs independent of factors shared with other hallucinations. OHs 
      and hallucinations of taste, touch, and bodily sensation frequently co-occur. 
      Self-smells warrant sensitive probing.
CI  - (c)2010 The British Psychological Society.
FAU - Langdon, Robyn
AU  - Langdon R
AD  - Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South 
      Wales, Australia.
FAU - McGuire, Jonathan
AU  - McGuire J
FAU - Stevenson, Richard
AU  - Stevenson R
FAU - Catts, Stanley V
AU  - Catts SV
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110223
PL  - England
TA  - Br J Clin Psychol
JT  - The British journal of clinical psychology
JID - 8105533
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Comorbidity
MH  - Cross-Cultural Comparison
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Delusions/diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology
MH  - Depressive Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology
MH  - Female
MH  - Hallucinations/*diagnosis/epidemiology/*psychology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mental Status Schedule/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Phobic Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology
MH  - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Schizophrenia/*diagnosis/epidemiology
MH  - *Schizophrenic Psychology
MH  - Self Concept
MH  - *Smell
MH  - World Health Organization
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2011/05/07 06:00
MHDA- 2011/09/07 06:00
CRDT- 2011/05/07 06:00
PHST- 2011/05/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/05/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/09/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1348/014466510X500837 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Br J Clin Psychol. 2011 Jun;50(2):145-63. doi: 10.1348/014466510X500837. Epub 
      2011 Feb 23.