PMID- 21556019
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120529
LR  - 20240109
IS  - 1759-5037 (Electronic)
IS  - 1759-5029 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 8
DP  - 2011 May 10
TI  - Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus: pathogenesis and 
      treatment.
PG  - 456-65
LID - 10.1038/nrendo.2011.72 [doi]
AB  - Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 
      frequently coexist as they share the pathogenic abnormalities of excess adiposity 
      and insulin resistance. Although type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is due to a 
      relative lack of insulin, an increased prevalence of obesity and insulin 
      resistance in this population means that NAFLD also commonly coexists with this 
      condition. Both T2DM and NAFLD are associated with adverse outcomes of the other; 
      T2DM is a risk factor for progressive liver disease and liver-related death in 
      patients with NAFLD, whereas NAFLD may be a marker of cardiovascular risk and 
      mortality in individuals with T2DM. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-a histological 
      subtype of NAFLD characterized by hepatocyte injury and inflammation-is present 
      in approximately 10% of patients with T2DM and is associated with an increased 
      risk for the development of cirrhosis and liver-related death. Current treatment 
      strategies aim to improve insulin resistance via weight loss and exercise, 
      improve insulin sensitivity by the use of insulin-sensitizing agents (for 
      example, pioglitazone) and reduce oxidative stress by the use of antioxidants, 
      such as vitamin E. Pioglitazone and vitamin E supplementation show the most 
      promise in improving hepatic steatosis and inflammation but have not yet been 
      demonstrated to improve fibrosis, and concern remains regarding the toxicity of 
      long-term use of both of these agents.
FAU - Smith, Briohny W
AU  - Smith BW
AD  - School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Unit, 
      University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. 
      leon.adams@uwa.edu.au
FAU - Adams, Leon A
AU  - Adams LA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20110510
PL  - England
TA  - Nat Rev Endocrinol
JT  - Nature reviews. Endocrinology
JID - 101500078
RN  - 0 (Thiazolidinediones)
RN  - 1406-18-4 (Vitamin E)
RN  - X4OV71U42S (Pioglitazone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/*etiology/*therapy
MH  - Fatty Liver/drug therapy/*etiology/*therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin Resistance/physiology
MH  - Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
MH  - Pioglitazone
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Vitamin E/therapeutic use
MH  - Weight Loss/physiology
EDAT- 2011/05/11 06:00
MHDA- 2012/05/30 06:00
CRDT- 2011/05/11 06:00
PHST- 2011/05/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/05/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/05/30 06:00 [medline]
AID - nrendo.2011.72 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/nrendo.2011.72 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011 May 10;7(8):456-65. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.72.