PMID- 21563274
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120315
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1097-0029 (Electronic)
IS  - 1059-910X (Linking)
VI  - 74
IP  - 12
DP  - 2011 Dec
TI  - Ketamine effects on the urogenital system--changes in the urinary bladder and 
      sperm motility.
PG  - 1192-8
LID - 10.1002/jemt.21014 [doi]
AB  - Different doses of ketamine (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 
      and 60 mg/kg) were injected i.p. (I.P.), respectively, to male ICR mice to 
      determine the optimal dosage for chronic administration. At and above 40 mg/kg 
      I.P. injection, mice had almost no hindlimb movement during swimming test. 
      Subsequently, 30 mg/kg was used as the dose for the study in the toxicity of 
      long-term ketamine administration on urinary bladder and sperm motility. The 
      treatment group were subdivided into two (n = 10 each group); one received daily 
      ketamine treatment i.p. for 3 months and another group for 6 months. 
      Corresponding number of mice in control groups (n = 5 each group) received saline 
      injection instead of ketamine. Terminal dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) study and 
      Sirius red staining were carried out on the sectioned slides of the urinary 
      bladders to study the degree of apoptosis in both epithelium and muscular layers 
      of the urinary bladder and the relative thickness of the muscular layers in this 
      organ was also computed. Apoptosis in the bladder epithelium was observed 
      initially in the 3-month ketamine treated mice and the number of apoptotic cells 
      was significantly different (P < 0.05) between the 3-month and 6-month ketamine 
      treated mice and the control. The relative thickness of muscular layers in the 
      bladder wall also decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when the 6-month treated 
      mice and the control were compared. Sirius red staining revealed increase of 
      collagen in the urinary bladder of the treated mice, most evidently 6 months 
      after ketamine treatment. In addition, the sperm motility was studied and there 
      was a statistically significant difference between the control and ketamine 
      treated groups in the percentages of sperms which were motile (P < 0.05). This 
      suggested that the chronic administration of ketamine affected the genital system 
      as well.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FAU - Tan, Sijie
AU  - Tan S
AD  - School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of 
      Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
FAU - Chan, W M
AU  - Chan WM
FAU - Wai, Maria S M
AU  - Wai MS
FAU - Hui, Lawrence K K
AU  - Hui LK
FAU - Hui, Vivian W K
AU  - Hui VW
FAU - James, Anthony E
AU  - James AE
FAU - Yeung, L Y
AU  - Yeung LY
FAU - Yew, D T
AU  - Yew DT
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110511
PL  - United States
TA  - Microsc Res Tech
JT  - Microscopy research and technique
JID - 9203012
RN  - 0 (Analgesics)
RN  - 690G0D6V8H (Ketamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Analgesics/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis
MH  - Injections, Intraperitoneal
MH  - Ketamine/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred ICR
MH  - Muscle, Smooth/drug effects/pathology
MH  - Sperm Motility/*drug effects
MH  - Urinary Bladder/*drug effects/pathology
MH  - Urothelium/drug effects/pathology
EDAT- 2011/05/13 06:00
MHDA- 2012/03/16 06:00
CRDT- 2011/05/13 06:00
PHST- 2011/02/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/03/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/05/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/05/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/03/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/jemt.21014 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Microsc Res Tech. 2011 Dec;74(12):1192-8. doi: 10.1002/jemt.21014. Epub 2011 May 
      11.