PMID- 21566538
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120312
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1524-4040 (Electronic)
IS  - 0148-396X (Print)
IS  - 0148-396X (Linking)
VI  - 69
IP  - 6
DP  - 2011 Dec
TI  - An evaluation of neuroplasticity and behavior after deep brain stimulation of the 
      nucleus accumbens in an animal model of depression.
PG  - 1281-90
LID - 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182237346 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recent interest has demonstrated the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as a 
      potential target for the treatment of depression with deep brain stimulation 
      (DBS). OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that DBS of the NAcc is an effective treatment 
      modality for depression and that chemical and structural changes associated with 
      these behavioral changes are markers of neuroplasticity. METHODS: A deep brain 
      stimulator was placed in the NAcc of male Wistar-Kyoto rats. Groups were divided 
      into sham (no stimulation), intermittent (3 h/d for 2 weeks), or continuous 
      (constant stimulation for 2 weeks). Exploratory and anxietylike behaviors were 
      evaluated with the open-field test before and after stimulation. Tissue samples 
      of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were processed with Western blot analysis of 
      markers of noradrenergic activity that included the noradrenergic synthesizing 
      enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. Analysis of tissue levels for catecholamines was 
      achieved with high-performance liquid chromatography. Morphological properties of 
      cortical pyramidal neurons were assessed with Golgi-Cox staining. RESULTS: 
      Subjects undergoing intermittent and continuous stimulation of the NAcc exhibited 
      an increase in exploratory behavior and reduced anxietylike behaviors. Tyrosine 
      hydroxylase expression levels were decreased in the PFC after intermittent and 
      continuous DBS, and dopamine and norepinephrine levels were decreased after 
      continuous stimulation. Golgi-Cox staining indicated that DBS increased the 
      length of apical and basilar dendrites in pyramidal neurons of the PFC. 
      CONCLUSION: Deep brain stimulation induces behavioral improvement in and 
      neurochemical and morphological alterations of the PFC that demonstrate changes 
      within the circuitry of the brain different from the target area of stimulation. 
      This observed dendritic plasticity may underlie the therapeutic efficacy of this 
      treatment.
FAU - Falowski, Steven M
AU  - Falowski SM
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson 
      University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA. sfalowski@gmail.com
FAU - Sharan, Ashwini
AU  - Sharan A
FAU - Reyes, Beverly A S
AU  - Reyes BA
FAU - Sikkema, Carl
AU  - Sikkema C
FAU - Szot, Patricia
AU  - Szot P
FAU - Van Bockstaele, Elisabeth J
AU  - Van Bockstaele EJ
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DA009082/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurosurgery
JT  - Neurosurgery
JID - 7802914
RN  - 0 (Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins)
RN  - EC 1.14.16.2 (Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Deep Brain Stimulation/*methods
MH  - Depression/pathology/physiopathology/psychology/*therapy
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Exploratory Behavior/*physiology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology
MH  - Nucleus Accumbens/*physiology
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Pyramidal Cells/physiopathology/ultrastructure
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Inbred WKY
MH  - Silver Staining
MH  - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
PMC - PMC4707959
MID - NIHMS748529
COIS- Disclosure The authors have no personal financial or institutional interest in 
      any of the drugs, materials, or devices described in this article.
EDAT- 2011/05/14 06:00
MHDA- 2012/03/13 06:00
PMCR- 2016/01/11
CRDT- 2011/05/14 06:00
PHST- 2011/05/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/05/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/03/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/01/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182237346 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurosurgery. 2011 Dec;69(6):1281-90. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182237346.