PMID- 21574209
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111123
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1099-1557 (Electronic)
IS  - 1053-8569 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 8
DP  - 2011 Aug
TI  - The national burden of E-code-identified adverse drug events among hospitalized 
      children using a national discharge database.
PG  - 866-78
LID - 10.1002/pds.2150 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide a national-level assessment of 
      pediatric adverse drug events (ADEs), including types, frequencies, and burdens. 
      METHODS: Discharge data were obtained from the 2006 Kids' Inpatient Database. 
      ADEs were identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth 
      Revision, Clinical Modification and supplemental E codes as adverse effects 
      (AEs), accidental poisonings (APs), or those involving neuropathy, dermatitis, 
      and contact dermatitis. For ADEs occurring in the hospital, visits were matched, 
      by all patient refined diagnostic-related group, age, and gender, to one control 
      visit without an ADE code. Burden was measured as excess length of stay and 
      excess cost relative to the control. Using regression analysis, we obtained 
      estimates on the effects of over 100 predictors on excess length of stay and 
      excess cost of cases relative to the control. RESULTS: Out of 7,558,812 hospital 
      discharges in 2006, there were 84,510 ADEs identified during 69,620 visits (0.9% 
      of the total number of discharges); 55,285 (79.4%) visits involved an AE; and 
      13,630 (19.6%) involved an AP; 12,151 (17.5%) were characterized by an ADE 
      (usually an AP) at admission. The national pediatric ADE burden was estimated at 
      104,230 days with direct costs of $252.9 million. The most common AEs occurred 
      with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drugs (20.4%) and adrenal 
      corticosteroids (12.5%). The most common APs involved aromatic analgesics 
      (13.7%), cardiovascular drugs (9.5%), antidepressants (8.6%), and benzodiazepine 
      tranquilizers (8.0%). CONCLUSION: By identifying specific ADEs that occur most 
      often and/or have the highest burden, physicians and hospital administrators can 
      better target their strategies for reducing pediatric medication-related harm.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FAU - Tundia, Namita L
AU  - Tundia NL
AD  - Health Outcomes and Pharmaceutical Economics, College of Pharmacy, University of 
      Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0004, USA. tundianl@mail.uc.edu
FAU - Heaton, Pamela C
AU  - Heaton PC
FAU - Kelton, Christina M L
AU  - Kelton CM
LA  - eng
GR  - U18 HS016957-03/HS/AHRQ HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DEP - 20110514
PL  - England
TA  - Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf
JT  - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
JID - 9208369
RN  - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cost of Illness
MH  - Databases, Factual/statistics & numerical data
MH  - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Hospitalization/economics/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - International Classification of Diseases
MH  - Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Male
MH  - Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Pharmaceutical Preparations/economics
MH  - Regression Analysis
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2011/05/17 06:00
MHDA- 2011/12/13 00:00
CRDT- 2011/05/17 06:00
PHST- 2010/10/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/02/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/03/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/05/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/05/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/12/13 00:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/pds.2150 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011 Aug;20(8):866-78. doi: 10.1002/pds.2150. Epub 
      2011 May 14.