PMID- 21601042
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110830
LR  - 20110523
IS  - 1557-8399 (Electronic)
IS  - 0065-3527 (Linking)
VI  - 79
DP  - 2011
TI  - Rabies virus clearance from the central nervous system.
PG  - 55-71
LID - 10.1016/B978-0-12-387040-7.00004-4 [doi]
AB  - Rabies, a neurological disease associated with replication in central nervous 
      system (CNS) tissues of any of a number of rabies viruses endemic in nature, is 
      generally fatal. Prophylactic medical intervention is immune mediated and 
      directed at preventing the spread of the virus from a peripheral site of exposure 
      to the CNS. While individuals rarely develop immune responses capable of clearing 
      the virus from CNS tissues, a variety of laboratory-attenuated rabies viruses are 
      readily cleared from the CNS tissues in animal models. By comparing immune 
      responses to wild-type and attenuated rabies viruses in these models, we have 
      discovered that the latter induce processes required for immune effector 
      infiltration into CNS tissues that are absent from lethal infections. Predominant 
      among these are activities of cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU) that promote 
      an interaction with circulating immune cells. In the absence of this interaction, 
      the specialized barrier function of the NVU remains intact and circulating 
      virus-specific immune effectors are largely excluded from infected CNS tissues. 
      Studies of mixed infections with wild-type and attenuated rabies viruses reveal 
      that wild-type rabies viruses fail to trigger, rather than inhibit, the 
      interactions between immune cells and the NVU required for virus clearance from 
      the CNS. These studies provide insights into how immune effectors with the 
      capacity to clear the virus may be delivered into CNS tissues to contain a 
      wild-type rabies virus infection. However, to apply immunotherapeutic strategies 
      beyond the initial stages of CNS infection, further insights into the fate of the 
      infected cells during virus clearance are needed.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hooper, D Craig
AU  - Hooper DC
AD  - Center for Neurovirology, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson 
      University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
FAU - Roy, Anirban
AU  - Roy A
FAU - Barkhouse, Darryll A
AU  - Barkhouse DA
FAU - Li, Jianwei
AU  - Li J
FAU - Kean, Rhonda B
AU  - Kean RB
LA  - eng
GR  - AI 060005/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AI077033/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AI083046/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Adv Virus Res
JT  - Advances in virus research
JID - 0370441
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Central Nervous System/*immunology/*virology
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immune Evasion
MH  - Immunity, Cellular
MH  - Immunity, Humoral
MH  - Rabies virus/*immunology/*pathogenicity
MH  - Virulence
EDAT- 2011/05/24 06:00
MHDA- 2011/08/31 06:00
CRDT- 2011/05/24 06:00
PHST- 2011/05/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/05/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/08/31 06:00 [medline]
AID - B978-0-12-387040-7.00004-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/B978-0-12-387040-7.00004-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Adv Virus Res. 2011;79:55-71. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-387040-7.00004-4.