PMID- 21601240
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120119
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1879-2472 (Electronic)
IS  - 0049-3848 (Linking)
VI  - 128
IP  - 4
DP  - 2011 Oct
TI  - Increased number of circulating endothelial cells and plasma markers of 
      endothelial damage in chronic cocaine users.
PG  - e18-23
LID - 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.04.019 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cocaine use has been related with the development of accelerated 
      atherosclerosis and with an increased risk of cardiac and cerebrovascular events, 
      such as myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and ischemic stroke. The 
      underlying mechanisms leading to these complications are not fully understood, 
      although thrombus formation and altered vascular function are prominent findings. 
      OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate markers of endothelial dysfunction in chronic 
      cocaine consumers before and after drug withdrawal. PATIENTS/METHODS: We 
      determined circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and plasma levels of stromal 
      cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1), soluble 
      intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), high-sensitivity C reactive protein 
      (hsCRP) and endothelin-1(ET-1), in DSM-IV cocaine addicts at baseline and after 
      one month of cocaine abstinence. RESULTS: Cocaine users showed a strikingly 
      higher numbers of CEC (62.35 +/- 18.4 vs 8.25 +/- 13.8 CEC/mL) and significantly 
      elevated plasma levels for all the markers evaluated as compared to the control 
      group. After cocaine withdrawal, patients improved SDF-1, ET-1, hsCRP and sICAM 
      levels. However, CEC number and MCP-1 plasma levels remained significantly 
      elevated. All the results were adjusted for blood levels of cholesterol and 
      triglycerides and for smoking habit. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that 
      chronic cocaine consumption alters several functions of the endothelium towards a 
      pro-thrombotic condition and that some of those functions remain abnormal even 
      after short-term drug withdrawal. These observations support the notion that 
      endothelial dysfunction may play a key role in the pathogenesis of ischemic 
      vascular disease observed in cocaine abusers.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Saez, Claudia G
AU  - Saez CG
AD  - Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad 
      Catolica de Chile.
FAU - Olivares, Paulina
AU  - Olivares P
FAU - Pallavicini, Julio
AU  - Pallavicini J
FAU - Panes, Olga
AU  - Panes O
FAU - Moreno, Natalia
AU  - Moreno N
FAU - Massardo, Teresa
AU  - Massardo T
FAU - Mezzano, Diego
AU  - Mezzano D
FAU - Pereira, Jaime
AU  - Pereira J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20110523
PL  - United States
TA  - Thromb Res
JT  - Thrombosis research
JID - 0326377
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (CXCL12 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CXCL12)
RN  - 0 (Endothelin-1)
RN  - 126547-89-5 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1)
RN  - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Cell Count
MH  - Chemokine CXCL12/blood
MH  - Chile
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Cocaine-Related Disorders/blood/*pathology
MH  - Endothelial Cells/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Endothelin-1/blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/blood/*pathology
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Up-Regulation
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2011/05/24 06:00
MHDA- 2012/01/20 06:00
CRDT- 2011/05/24 06:00
PHST- 2011/02/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/04/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/04/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/05/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/05/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/01/20 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0049-3848(11)00182-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.04.019 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Thromb Res. 2011 Oct;128(4):e18-23. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.04.019. Epub 
      2011 May 23.