PMID- 21630688
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120123
LR  - 20220311
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 45
IP  - 19
DP  - 2011 Oct 1
TI  - Is indirect exposure a significant contributor to the burden of perfluorinated 
      acids observed in humans?
PG  - 7974-84
LID - 10.1021/es200171y [doi]
AB  - In comparison to other persistent organic pollutants, human fluorochemical 
      contamination is relatively complicated. This complication arises at least in 
      part from a disparity between the chemicals used commercially and those measured 
      in the environment and humans. Commercial fluorochemical products are dominated 
      by fluorinated polymers used in textile or carpet applications, or 
      fluorosurfactants used in applications ranging from personal care products, 
      leveling and wetting agents, to greaseproofing food-contact materials. 
      Investigations into environmental and human fluorochemical contamination have 
      focused on perfluorinated acids (PFAs), either the perfluorinated carboxylates 
      (PFCAs) or sulfonates (PFSAs). In this review we will present an overview of data 
      related to human fluorochemical exposure including a discussion of fluorochemical 
      production, concentrations in exposure media, biotransformation processes 
      producing PFAs, and trends in human sera. These data will be presented in the 
      context of how they can inform sources of human PFA contamination, specifically 
      whether the contamination results from direct PFA exposure or indirect exposure 
      via the biotransformation of commercial fluorochemicals or their residuals. 
      Concentrations of both perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate 
      (PFOA) began to decrease in human sera around the year 2000, a change that 
      mirrored the 2000-2002 phase-out of perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (POSF) 
      production. These temporal trends suggest exposure to current-use POSF-based 
      materials was a significant source of PFOA and PFOS exposure prior to 2000. 
      Relatively slow PFOA elimination and increasing concentrations of the C9 and C10 
      PFCAs in human sera suggest continued PFCA exposure, without similar exposure to 
      PFOS, which is consistent with indirect exposure via the biotransformation of 
      fluorotelomer-based materials. Conversely, human exposure models have suggested 
      direct exposure to PFAs present in food items is the major source of human 
      contamination. The data set presented here cannot unequivocally delineate between 
      direct and indirect human exposure, however temporal trends in human sera and 
      exposure media are consistent with indirect exposure representing a significant 
      portion of observed human PFA contamination.
FAU - D'eon, Jessica C
AU  - D'eon JC
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada.
FAU - Mabury, Scott A
AU  - Mabury SA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20110601
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Fluorocarbons)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biotransformation
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*analysis
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Fluorocarbons/*administration & dosage/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Isomerism
EDAT- 2011/06/03 06:00
MHDA- 2012/01/24 06:00
CRDT- 2011/06/03 06:00
PHST- 2011/06/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/06/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/01/24 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/es200171y [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 1;45(19):7974-84. doi: 10.1021/es200171y. Epub 2011 
      Jun 1.