PMID- 21640552
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120228
LR  - 20130520
IS  - 1873-3379 (Electronic)
IS  - 0891-4222 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 6
DP  - 2011 Nov-Dec
TI  - Handwriting capacity in children newly diagnosed with Attention Deficit 
      Hyperactivity Disorder.
PG  - 2927-34
LID - 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.010 [doi]
AB  - Preliminary evidence suggests that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity 
      Disorder (ADHD) may exhibit handwriting difficulties. However, the exact nature 
      of these difficulties and the extent to which they may relate to motor or 
      behavioural difficulties remains unclear. The aim of this study was to describe 
      handwriting capacity in children newly diagnosed with ADHD and identify 
      predictors of performance. Forty medication-naive children with ADHD (mean age 
      8.1 years) were evaluated with the Evaluation Tool of Children's 
      Handwriting-Manuscript, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC), the 
      Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI) and the Conner Global Index. 
      An important subset (85.0%) exhibited manual dexterity difficulties. Handwriting 
      performance was extremely variable in terms of speed and legibility. VMI was the 
      most important predictor of legibility. Upper extremity coordination, as measured 
      by the M-ABC ball skills subtest, was also a good predictor of word legibility. 
      CONCLUSION: Poor handwriting legibility and slow writing speed were common in 
      children newly diagnosed with ADHD and were associated with motor abilities. 
      Future studies are needed to determine whether interventions, including stimulant 
      medications, can improve handwriting performance and related motor functioning.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Brossard-Racine, Marie
AU  - Brossard-Racine M
AD  - Rehabilitation Science, McGill University, Canada.
FAU - Majnemer, Annette
AU  - Majnemer A
FAU - Shevell, Michael
AU  - Shevell M
FAU - Snider, Laurie
AU  - Snider L
FAU - Belanger, Stacey Ageranioti
AU  - Belanger SA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Res Dev Disabil
JT  - Research in developmental disabilities
JID - 8709782
SB  - IM
MH  - Arm/physiology
MH  - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*diagnosis/*physiopathology
MH  - Child
MH  - Female
MH  - Functional Laterality/physiology
MH  - *Handwriting
MH  - Humans
MH  - Linear Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Motor Skills/*physiology
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/*physiology
EDAT- 2011/06/07 06:00
MHDA- 2012/03/01 06:00
CRDT- 2011/06/07 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/05/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/06/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/06/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/03/01 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0891-4222(11)00169-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.010 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Res Dev Disabil. 2011 Nov-Dec;32(6):2927-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.010.