PMID- 21666479
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111115
LR  - 20110714
IS  - 1531-7013 (Electronic)
IS  - 1087-2418 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 4
DP  - 2011 Aug
TI  - B-cell immunotherapeutics: emerging roles in solid organ transplantation.
PG  - 416-24
LID - 10.1097/MOT.0b013e32834874f7 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The introduction of B-cell-directed therapies for autoimmune 
      diseases illuminated the biologic relevance of B cells in mediation of 
      autoimmunity. They have also rejuvenated interest in how B cells mediate multiple 
      effector functions that include antibody production, antigen presentation to T 
      cells, costimulation and the production of immune stimulating and immune 
      modulatory cytokines. These advances clearly have implications for patients 
      receiving solid organ transplants, especially those who are ABO incompatible, 
      sensitized to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) pretransplant, or develop anti-HLA 
      antibodies posttransplant. RECENT FINDINGS: Here, we will review the current and 
      evolving agents developed for B-cell depletion or modulation and discuss their 
      potential for modification of alloimmunity in transplant recipients. We will 
      focus on data from humans and animal models in which B cells and antibodies are 
      targeted to reduce inflammation in transplantation. This will include a review of 
      the immunomodulatory drug intravenous immunoglobulin, anti-CD20 (rituximab) where 
      more clinical experience has been reported. Finally, we will discuss emerging 
      B-cell-directed therapies which include those directed at the B-cell activating 
      factor of the tumor necrosis family/A proliferation inducing ligand, anti-CD22, 
      newer anti-CD20 monoclonals and antibodies to the interleukin 6 receptor 
      (tocilizumab). SUMMARY: The primary objective of this review is to define the 
      critical role of B cells in development of alloimmunity and how this can be 
      modified by B-cell-directed therapies.
FAU - Jordan, Stanley C
AU  - Jordan SC
AD  - Comprehensive Transplant Center, Kidney Transplant Program and Transplant 
      Immunotherapy Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 
      90048, USA. sjordan@cshs.org
FAU - Kahwaji, Joseph
AU  - Kahwaji J
FAU - Toyoda, Mieko
AU  - Toyoda M
FAU - Vo, Ashley
AU  - Vo A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Curr Opin Organ Transplant
JT  - Current opinion in organ transplantation
JID - 9717388
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - B-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - Blood Grouping and Crossmatching
MH  - Graft Rejection/immunology/*prevention & control
MH  - Graft Survival/*drug effects
MH  - Histocompatibility
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunotherapy/*methods
MH  - *Organ Transplantation/adverse effects
MH  - Transplantation Tolerance/*drug effects
MH  - Treatment Outcome
EDAT- 2011/06/15 06:00
MHDA- 2011/11/16 06:00
CRDT- 2011/06/14 06:00
PHST- 2011/06/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/06/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/11/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1097/MOT.0b013e32834874f7 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2011 Aug;16(4):416-24. doi: 
      10.1097/MOT.0b013e32834874f7.