PMID- 21684021
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111214
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1873-3735 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-6147 (Print)
IS  - 0165-6147 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 9
DP  - 2011 Sep
TI  - Is hyperhomocysteinemia an Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factor, an AD marker, or 
      neither?
PG  - 562-71
LID - 10.1016/j.tips.2011.05.003 [doi]
AB  - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease. 
      The vast majority cases of AD are sporadic, without clear cause, and a 
      combination of environmental and genetic factors has been implicated. The 
      hypothesis that homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for AD was initially prompted 
      by the observation that patients with histologically confirmed AD had higher 
      plasma levels of Hcy, termed hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), than age-matched 
      controls. Most evidence accumulated so far implicates HHcy as a risk factor for 
      AD onset, but there are also conflicting results. In this review we summarize 
      reports on the relationship between HHcy and AD from epidemiological 
      investigations, including observational studies and randomized controlled 
      clinical trials. We also examine recent in vivo and in vitro studies of potential 
      mechanisms whereby HHcy could influence AD development. Finally, we discuss 
      possible reasons for the existing conflicting data and provide suggestions for 
      future studies.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zhuo, Jia-Min
AU  - Zhuo JM
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 
      PA 19140, USA.
FAU - Wang, Hong
AU  - Wang H
FAU - Pratico, Domenico
AU  - Pratico D
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AG022512/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AG022512-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Review
DEP - 20110620
PL  - England
TA  - Trends Pharmacol Sci
JT  - Trends in pharmacological sciences
JID - 7906158
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0LVT1QZ0BA (Homocysteine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology/etiology/*physiopathology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Homocysteine/*blood
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hyperhomocysteinemia/complications/*physiopathology
MH  - Risk Factors
PMC - PMC3159702
MID - NIHMS306698
EDAT- 2011/06/21 06:00
MHDA- 2011/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2012/09/01
CRDT- 2011/06/21 06:00
PHST- 2011/03/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/05/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/05/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/06/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/06/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0165-6147(11)00081-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.tips.2011.05.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2011 Sep;32(9):562-71. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.05.003. 
      Epub 2011 Jun 20.