PMID- 21688793
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20120123
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 45
IP  - 19
DP  - 2011 Oct 1
TI  - Perfluorinated carboxylic acids in directly fluorinated high-density polyethylene 
      material.
PG  - 8053-9
LID - 10.1021/es1043968 [doi]
AB  - Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are ubiquitous in the environment and 
      have been detected in human blood worldwide. One potential route is direct 
      exposure to PFCAs through contact with polymers that have been fluorinated 
      through a process referred to as direct fluorination. PFCAs are hypothesized to 
      be reaction byproducts of direct fluorination when trace amounts of oxygen are 
      present. The objective of this research was to investigate whether PFCAs could be 
      measured in directly fluorinated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles. PFCAs 
      were quantified using Soxhlet extraction with methanol, followed by LC-MS/MS 
      analysis. Total concentrations of PFCAs ranged from 8.5 +/- 0.53 to 113 +/- 2.5 
      ng/bottle (1 L), with the short-chain PFCAs, perfluoropropanoic, 
      perfluorobutanoic, perfluoropentanoic, and perfluorohexanoic acids, being the 
      dominant congeners observed. Relative PFCA concentrations varied depending on 
      fluorination level. Structural isomers were detected using (19)F NMR and are 
      hypothesized to have formed during the fluorination process; NMR data revealed 
      the linear isomer typically comprised 55% of the examined sample. Internally 
      branched, isopropyl branched, and t-butyl PFCA isomers of varying chain length 
      were also identified. Electrochemical fluorination was previously thought to be 
      the only source of branched PFCA isomers. The observation here of branched 
      isomers suggests direct fluorination may be an additional source of exposure to 
      these chemicals. The purpose of this study was to measure PFCAs in directly 
      fluorinated material, serving as a previously unidentified source contributing to 
      the environmental load of PFCAs, with potential for human exposure.
FAU - Rand, Amy A
AU  - Rand AA
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, 
      Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
FAU - Mabury, Scott A
AU  - Mabury SA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20110620
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Carboxylic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Fluorocarbons)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carboxylic Acids/*analysis
MH  - Fluorocarbons/*analysis
MH  - *Halogenation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
MH  - Polyethylene/*chemistry
MH  - Spectrophotometry, Infrared
MH  - Water/chemistry
EDAT- 2011/06/22 06:00
MHDA- 2012/01/24 06:00
CRDT- 2011/06/22 06:00
PHST- 2011/06/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/06/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/01/24 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/es1043968 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 1;45(19):8053-9. doi: 10.1021/es1043968. Epub 2011 
      Jun 20.